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Review
. 2022 Nov 8;23(22):13717.
doi: 10.3390/ijms232213717.

Gut Microbiota Host-Gene Interaction

Paola Cuomo  1 , Rosanna Capparelli  1 , Marco Alifano  2   3 , Antonio Iannelli  4   5   6 , Domenico Iannelli  1
Affiliations
Review

Gut Microbiota Host-Gene Interaction

Paola Cuomo et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Studies carried out in the last ten years have shown that the metabolites made up from the gut microbiota are essential for multiple functions, such as the correct development of the immune system of newborns, interception of pathogens, and nutritional enrichment of the diet. Therefore, it is not surprising that alteration of the gut microbiota is the starting point of gastrointestinal infection, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Diet changes and antibiotics are the major factors damaging the gut microbiota. Early exposure of the newborns to antibiotics may prevent their correct development of the immune system, exposing them to pathogen infections, allergies, and chronic inflammatory diseases. We already know much on how host genes, microbiota, and the environment interact, owing to experiments in several model animals, especially in mice; advances in molecular technology; microbiota transplantation; and comparative metagenomic analysis. However, much more remains to be known. Longitudinal studies on patients undergoing to therapy, along with the identification of bacteria prevalent in responding patients may provide valuable data for improving therapies.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; gut cancer; gut microbiota; inflammatory bowel disease; lung cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gut microbiota development, from birth to childhood.
Figure 2
Figure 2
In eubiosis, the immune system tolerates the microbiota. Factors such as diet, antibiotics and microbial infections may cause a condition of dysbiosis that leads to diseases.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence in the microbiota of Actinobacteria and Clostridia and reduced level of butyrate-producing bacteria, along with downregulation of the host CFTR gene and HPGD genes predisposed to CF, which may lead to CRC.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Influence of diet on microbiota composition. Saturated fatty acids and animal protein consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases; unsaturated fatty acids and plant protein consumption protect against inflammation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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