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. 2022 Nov 17;23(22):14275.
doi: 10.3390/ijms232214275.

The Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Activity of Oxidative Stress Enzymes

Marta Budkowska  1 , Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć  2 , Zuzanna Marcinowska  3 , Aldona Siennicka  1 , Barbara Dołęgowska  2
Affiliations

The Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Activity of Oxidative Stress Enzymes

Marta Budkowska et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The circadian system synchronizes daily with the day-night cycle of our environment. Disruption of this rhythm impacts the emergence and development of many diseases caused, for example, by the overproduction of free radicals, leading to oxidative damage of cellular components. The goal of this study was to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (R-GSSG), and the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the circadian rhythm. The study group comprised 66 healthy volunteers (20-50 years; 33 women; 33 men). The blood was collected at 2, 8 a.m., and 2, 8 p.m. All samples marked the serum melatonin concentration to confirm the correct sleeping rhythm and wakefulness throughout the day. The activity of study enzymes and the concentration of GSH were measured by the spectrophotometric method. Confirmed the existence of circadian regulation of oxidative stress enzymes except for GST activity. The peak of activity of study enzymes and GSH concentration was observed at 2 a.m. The increased activity of enzymes and the increase in GSH concentration observed at night indicate that during sleep, processes allowing to maintain of the redox balance are intensified, thus limiting the formation of oxidative stress.

Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; circadian rhythm; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The average serum concentration of melatonin in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ±95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.82172).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average erythrocytes activity of SOD-1 in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.56135).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average erythrocytes activity of CAT in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.93485).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Average erythrocytes activity of GPx in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ±95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.96529).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Average erythrocytes activity of R-GSSG in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ±95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.93669).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Average erythrocytes activity of GST in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.67233).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Average erythrocytes concentration of GSH in men and women at different sampling time points. Data presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. MANOVA-type analysis (p = 0.99631).
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