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Review
. 2022 Nov 21;12(11):1944.
doi: 10.3390/life12111944.

Novel Biomarkers Predictive of Diabetic Charcot Foot-An Overview of the Literature

Anca Bobircă  1   2 , Anca Emanuela Musetescu  3 , Anca Bordianu  4 , Anca Pantea Stoian  5 , Teodor Salmen  6 , Dan-Cristian Marinescu  7 , Cristina Alexandru  1   2 , Alesandra Florescu  3 , Raluca Radu  8 , Sebastian Isac  9 , Traian Patrascu  10   11 , Dragos Serban  11   12 , Florin Bobircă  10   11
Affiliations
Review

Novel Biomarkers Predictive of Diabetic Charcot Foot-An Overview of the Literature

Anca Bobircă et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Although Charcot diabetic foot (CDF) is a frequent complication of diabetic neuropathy, less is known about the possibility of its early prevention. Methods: A review of the original articles published in English, using the "biomarkers AND Charcot's foot" criterion, resulted in 33 articles from the PubMed database and seven articles from the Web of Science database. The five duplicates were eliminated, and two independent reviewers selected the most relevant articles, leaving a total of 21 articles. Results: The biomarkers identified are exhaustively described, related to the system of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their soluble receptors (sRAGE), inflammatory cascade, osteoclastogenesis, and, respectively, osteoblastic activity. Conclusions: This article highlights the importance of potential early identifiable biomarkers that can lead to microstructural changes in the affected bones.

Keywords: Charcot diabetic foot; biomarkers; inflammation; neuropathy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram representation of the mechanism of osteoclast activation. RANK—receptor activator of nuclear factor κB; RANKL—receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; OPG—osteoprotegerin; M-CFS—monocyte colony-stimulating factor; IL—interleukin; TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor-alpha; AGEs—advanced glycation end products; RAGE—receptor for advanced glycation end products.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Typical aspect for Charcot foot deformities, Dr. Ion Cantacuzino Hospital Photo Archive; (A) dorsal view; (B) medial view.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Radiograph of the right foot in a diabetic patient involving zone II according to the Sanders–Frykberg Classification, Dr. Ion Cantacuzino Hospital Photo Archive.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flowchart of the study selection process according to PRISMA recommendations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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