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. 2022 Nov 17;15(22):8174.
doi: 10.3390/ma15228174.

Flexible and Polarization Independent Miniaturized Double-Band/Broadband Tunable Metamaterial Terahertz Filter

Manikandan Esakkimuthu  1   2 , Inbarani Jothinayagam  2 , Karthigeyan Arumugam  3 , Sheena Christabel Pravin  2 , Mukesh Jewariya  4
Affiliations

Flexible and Polarization Independent Miniaturized Double-Band/Broadband Tunable Metamaterial Terahertz Filter

Manikandan Esakkimuthu et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

In this paper, the design of a double-band terahertz metamaterial filter with broadband characteristics using a single conducting layer is presented. The design uses a structured top metallic layer over a polyimide material. The proposed design has achieved broadband band-pass transmission characteristics at the resonances of 0.5 THz and 1.65 THz, respectively. The 3-dB bandwidths for these two resonances are 350 GHz and 700 GHz, respectively, which indicates that dual-band resonance with broadband transmission characteristics was obtained. The design has achieved the same transmission characteristics for two different orthogonal polarizations, which was confirmed using numerical simulation. The design was tested for a different angle of incidences and it was observed that this results in angle-independent transmission behavior. In addition, for obtaining tunable resonant behavior, the top conductor layer was replaced by graphene material and a silicon substrate was added below the polymer layer. By varying the Fermi level of graphene, modulation in amplitude and phase was observed in numerical simulation. The physical mechanism of double-band behavior was further confirmed by surface current distribution. The proposed design is simple to fabricate, compact, i.e., the size is λ0/8, and obtained dual-band/broadband operation.

Keywords: broadband; conductivity; double band; metamaterial; tunable.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Top view of the proposed THz metamaterial with geometrical parameters p = 75 µm, x = 7.5 µm, t = 5 µm, z = 9.375 µm, y = 16.875 µm, w = 26.25 µm. (b) Side view of the tunable metamaterial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Transmission characteristics of the proposed THz MM for TE and TM modes. (b) Transmission characteristics for different angles of incidence in TE mode. (c) Transmission characteristics for different angles of incidence in TM mode. (d) The proposed structure is evaluated for the lossy metal and compared with the PEC.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Transmission characteristics of the proposed THz MM for TE and TM modes. (b) Transmission characteristics for different angles of incidence in TE mode. (c) Transmission characteristics for different angles of incidence in TM mode. (d) The proposed structure is evaluated for the lossy metal and compared with the PEC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Simulated surface current density for the dual-band MM unit cell at the resonant frequencies (a) 0.5 THz, (b) 0.9 THz, (c) 1.65 THz and (d) 2 THz.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Transmission spectra for graphene based MM for different Fermi levels Gra1 =0.1 eV, Gra2 = 0.2 eV, Gra3 = 0.3 eV, Gra4 = 0.4 eV, Gra5 = 0.5 eV, respectively (in addition to PEC). (b) The corresponding frequency versus phase characteristics. (c) Fermi level versus amplitude modulation index for the obtained two resonances.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Transmission spectra for graphene based MM for different Fermi levels Gra1 =0.1 eV, Gra2 = 0.2 eV, Gra3 = 0.3 eV, Gra4 = 0.4 eV, Gra5 = 0.5 eV, respectively (in addition to PEC). (b) The corresponding frequency versus phase characteristics. (c) Fermi level versus amplitude modulation index for the obtained two resonances.
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References

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