Effects of Diet and Lifestyle on Audio-Vestibular Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Literature Review

Abstract

Background: The world's age-related health concerns continue to rise. Audio-vestibular disorders, such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, are common complaints in the elderly and are associated with social and public health burdens. Various preventative measures can ease their impact, including healthy food consumption, nutritional supplementation, and lifestyle modification. We aim to provide a comprehensive summary of current possible strategies for preventing the age-related audio-vestibular dysfunction.

Methods: A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane review databases search was conducted to identify the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and audio-vestibular dysfunction. "Diet", "nutritional supplement", "lifestyle", "exercise", "physical activity", "tinnitus", "vertigo" and "age-related hearing loss" were used as keywords.

Results: Audio-vestibular dysfunction develops and progresses as a result of age-related inflammation and oxidative stress. Diets with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been proposed to alleviate this illness. A high-fat diet may induce oxidative stress and low protein intake is associated with hearing discomfort in the elderly. Increased carbohydrate and sugar intake positively correlate with the incidence of audio-vestibular dysfunction, whereas a Mediterranean-style diet can protect against the disease. Antioxidants in the form of vitamins A, C, and E; physical activity; good sleep quality; smoking cessation; moderate alcohol consumption; and avoiding noise exposure are also beneficial.

Conclusions: Adequate diet or nutritional interventions with lifestyle modification may protect against developing audio-vestibular dysfunction in elderly individuals.

Keywords: age-related hearing loss; audio-vestibular dysfunction; diet; lifestyle modification; nutritional intervention; tinnitus; vertigo.

Figure 1

Flow diagram of literature research.

Figure 2

Pathogenetic mechanisms linked to ARHL and ARVL Summary of the pathogenetic mechanisms of age related hearing loss and vestibular loss. Aging contributes to inflammation and accumulation of oxidative stress which result in change of proteostasis, cellular senescence, impaired autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ultimately, the inner ear is damaged by the detrimental substances.