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. 2022 Nov 24;12(1):20301.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24626-3.

Efficiency of Ferritin bio-nanomaterial in reducing the pollutants level of water in the underground corridors of metro rail using GIS

R Lilly  1 , S Prabhakaran  2 , K Giridharan  3 , Padmanabhan Sambandam  4 , B Stalin  5 , S J Subhashini  6 , N Nagaprasad  7 , Leta Tesfaye Jule  8   9 , Krishnaraj Ramaswamy  10   11
Affiliations

Efficiency of Ferritin bio-nanomaterial in reducing the pollutants level of water in the underground corridors of metro rail using GIS

R Lilly et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The underground developments are likely to deteriorate the water quality, which causes damage to the structure. The pollutant levels largely affect the aquifer properties and alter the characteristics of the water quality. Ferritin nanoparticle usage proves to be an effective technology for reducing the pollutant level of the salts, which are likely to affect the underground structure. The observation wells are selected around the underground Metro Rail Corridor, and the secondary observation wells are selected around the corridors. Ferritin is a common iron storage protein as a powder used in the selected wells identified in the path of underground metro rail corridors. Water sampling was done to assess the water quality in the laboratory. The water quality index plots for the two phases (1995-2008) and (2009-2014) using GIS explains the water quality scenario before and after the Ferritin treatment. The Ferritin treatment in water was very effective in reducing the pollutants level of Fluoride and sulphate salts which is likely to bring damage to the structure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ferritin structure. (Source: chemistry.wustl.edu).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The observation wells in the study area of the underground Metro Rail Corridor, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Yearly average rainfall in the study area (1995–2017).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Geological classifications of Study area.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The process of separation of pollutants in the reaction chamber.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison between the mean value parameters.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Water quality index map for 1995–2008.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Water quality index map for 2009–2014.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Analysis of pH and electrical conductivity for 1995–2008.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Analysis of pH and electrical conductivity for 2009–2014.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Analysis of total dissolved solids and total hardness for 1995–2008.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Analysis of total hardness and total dissolved solids for 2009–2017.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Analysis of calcium and magnesium for 1995-.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Analysis of calcium and magnesium for 2009–2014.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Analysis of total alkalinity and chloride for 1995–2008.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Analysis of total alkalinity and chloride for 2009–2014.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Analysis of fluoride and sulphate for 1995–2008.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Analysis of fluoride and sulphate for 2009–2014.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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