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Review
. 2023 Jan;19(1):11-24.
doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.09.002.

Sex- and Gender-Related Aspects in Pulmonary Hypertension

Anna D'Agostino  1 , Paola Guindani  2 , Gerarda Scaglione  2 , Alessandra Di Vincenzo  2 , Sara Tamascelli  2 , Riccardo Spaggiari  2 , Andrea Salzano  1 , Andrea D'Amuri  2 , Alberto Maria Marra  3 , Louise Pilote  4 , Valeria Raparelli  5
Affiliations
Review

Sex- and Gender-Related Aspects in Pulmonary Hypertension

Anna D'Agostino et al. Heart Fail Clin. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Biological sex and sociocultural gender are emerging as pivotal modifiers of health and diseases. Sex-based differences exist in the development, pathogenesis, and management of individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The interplay between gender domains (ie, identity, roles, relations, and institutionalized gender) and PAH has been barely investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to describe up-to-date evidence on the integration of sex and gender in PAH research, highlighting areas for future investigation.

Keywords: Employment; Epidemiology; Gender identity; Marital status; Outcomes; Pulmonary hypertension; Sex; Socioeconomic status.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure AD's work was supported by institutional grant from Italian healthcare ministry (Ricerca finalizzata per giovani ricercatori GR-2016-02364727).

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