Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Xavier Carbonell-Estrany¹, Eric A F Simões^{2

3}, Louis J Bont⁴, Angela Gentile^{5

6}, Nusrat Homaira^{7

8}, Marcelo Comerlato Scotta^{9

10}, Renato T Stein⁹, Juan P Torres¹¹, Jarju Sheikh¹², Shobha Broor¹³, Najwa Khuri-Bulos¹⁴, D James Nokes^{15

16}, Patrick K Munywoki¹⁵, Quique Bassat^{17

18

19

20

21}, Arun K Sharma²², Sudha Basnet^{22

23}, Maria Garba²⁴, Joanne De Jesus-Cornejo²⁵, Socorro P Lupisan²⁶, Marta C Nunes^{27

28}, Maduja Divarathna²⁹, John R Fullarton³⁰, Barry S Rodgers-Gray³⁰, Ian Keary³⁰, Mark Donald C Reñosa²⁵, Charl Verwey³¹, David P Moore³¹, Faseeha Noordeen²⁹, Sushil Kabra¹³, Marynéa Silva do Vale³², Rolando Paternina-De La Ossa^{33

34}, Cristina Mariño³⁵, Josep Figueras-Aloy³⁶, Leonard Krilov³⁷, Eitan Berezin³⁸, Heather J Zar³⁹, Krishna Paudel⁴⁰, Marco Aurelio Palazzi Safadi³⁸, Ghassan Dbaibo⁴¹, Imane Jroundi⁴², Runa Jha⁴³, Rukshan A M Rafeek²⁹, Rossiclei de Souza Pinheiro⁴⁴, Marianne Bracht⁴⁵, Rohitha Muthugala⁴⁶, Marcello Lanari⁴⁷, Federico Martinón-Torres⁴⁸, Ian Mitchell⁴⁹, Grace Irimu⁵⁰, Apsara Pandey^{51

52}, Anand Krishnan¹³, Asuncion Mejias^{53

54}, Marcela Santos Corrêa da Costa⁵⁵, Shrijana Shrestha⁵⁶, Jeffrey M Pernica⁵⁷, Felipe Cotrim de Carvalho⁵⁸, Rose E Jalango⁵⁹, Hafsat Ibrahim⁶⁰, Atana Ewa⁶¹, Gabriela Ensinck⁶², Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez⁶³, Alexandre Lopes Miralha⁴⁴, Maria Florencia Lucion^{5

6}, Md Zakiul Hassan⁶⁴, Zubair Akhtar⁶⁴, Mohammad Abdul Aleem⁶⁴, Fahmida Chowdhury⁶⁴, Pablo Rojo⁶⁵, Charles Sande¹⁵, Abednego Musau⁶⁶, Khalequ Zaman⁶⁴, Luiza Helena⁶⁷, Falleiros Arlant⁶⁷, Prakash Ghimire²², April Price⁶⁸, Kalpana Upadhyay Subedi⁶⁹, Helena Brenes-Chacon⁶³, Doli Rani Goswami⁶⁴, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman⁶⁴, Mohammad Enayet Hossain⁶⁴, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti⁶⁴, Nestor E Vain⁷⁰, Audrey Lim⁵⁷, Aaron Chiu⁷¹, Jesse Papenburg⁷², Maria Del Valle Juarez^{5

6}, Thamarasi Senaratne⁷³, Shiyamalee Arunasalam²⁹, Tor A Strand²³, Adaeze Ayuk⁷⁴, Olufemi Ogunrinde²⁴, Lohanna Valeska de Sousa Tavares⁷⁵, Comfort Garba²⁴, Bilkisu I Garba⁷⁶, Jeanette Dawa⁷⁷, Michelle Gordon⁷⁸, Eric Osoro⁷⁷, Charles N Agoti¹⁵, Bryan Nyawanda⁷⁹, Mwanajuma Ngama¹⁵, Collins Tabu⁵⁹, Joseph L Mathew⁸⁰, Andrew Cornacchia⁸¹, Ganesh Kumar Rai⁸², Amita Jain⁸³, Mateus Sfoggia Giongo⁹, Bosco A Paes⁵⁷

Affiliations

¹ Neonatology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
² Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
³ Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
⁴ Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
⁵ Epidemiology Department, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶ Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁷ School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁸ Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
⁹ Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹⁰ Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
¹² Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.
¹³ All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
¹⁴ University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
¹⁵ Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
¹⁶ School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
¹⁹ Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁰ Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²¹ Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
²² Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
²³ University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
²⁴ Ahmadu Bello University/Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
²⁵ Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines.
²⁶ RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections, Manila, Philippines.
²⁷ South African Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁸ Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
³⁰ Violicom Medical Limited, Aldermaston, United Kingdom.
³¹ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³² Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
³³ Hospital Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁴ Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁵ Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
³⁶ Neonatology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
³⁷ NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States.
³⁸ Hospital Santa Casa De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁹ Child Health and the SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁰ Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴¹ Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴² School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
⁴³ National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health & Population, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴⁴ Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
⁴⁵ Canadian Premature Babies Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴⁶ National Hospital - Kandy, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
⁴⁷ IRCCS-Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
⁴⁸ Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago, Santiago, Spain.
⁴⁹ University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁵⁰ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁵¹ Department of Pediatric Nursing, Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁵² Pediatric Nurses Association of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁵³ Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁵⁴ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁵⁵ Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
⁵⁶ Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.
⁵⁷ Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
⁵⁸ Surveillance Secretariat in Health, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Ministry of Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶⁰ Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
⁶¹ University of Calabar/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
⁶² Hospital de Niños Víctor J. Vilela de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
⁶³ Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica.
⁶⁴ International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁶⁵ University Hospital October 12, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁶ PSI Regional Technical Services Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶⁷ Metropolitan University of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
⁶⁹ Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁷⁰ Hospital Sanatorio Trinidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁷¹ The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
⁷² McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁷³ General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka.
⁷⁴ University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
⁷⁵ Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
⁷⁶ Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
⁷⁷ Washington State University - Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁷⁸ Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Orillia, Ontario, Canada.
⁷⁹ Kenya Medical Research Institute- Center for Global Health Research, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
⁸⁰ Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
⁸¹ Ministry of Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁸² Nepal Pediatric Society (NEPAS), Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁸³ King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India.

PMID: 36440349
PMCID: PMC9682277
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1033125

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Xavier Carbonell-Estrany et al. Front Pediatr. 2022.

. 2022 Nov 9:10:1033125.

doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.1033125. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Neonatology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
² Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
³ Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
⁴ Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
⁵ Epidemiology Department, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶ Ricardo Gutiérrez Children Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁷ School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁸ Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
⁹ Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹⁰ Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
¹² Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.
¹³ All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
¹⁴ University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
¹⁵ Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
¹⁶ School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
¹⁹ Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁰ Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²¹ Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
²² Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
²³ University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
²⁴ Ahmadu Bello University/Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
²⁵ Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines.
²⁶ RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections, Manila, Philippines.
²⁷ South African Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁸ Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
³⁰ Violicom Medical Limited, Aldermaston, United Kingdom.
³¹ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³² Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
³³ Hospital Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁴ Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁵ Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
³⁶ Neonatology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
³⁷ NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States.
³⁸ Hospital Santa Casa De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁹ Child Health and the SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁰ Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴¹ Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴² School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
⁴³ National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health & Population, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴⁴ Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
⁴⁵ Canadian Premature Babies Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴⁶ National Hospital - Kandy, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
⁴⁷ IRCCS-Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
⁴⁸ Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago, Santiago, Spain.
⁴⁹ University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁵⁰ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁵¹ Department of Pediatric Nursing, Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁵² Pediatric Nurses Association of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁵³ Nationwide Childrens Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁵⁴ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁵⁵ Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
⁵⁶ Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.
⁵⁷ Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
⁵⁸ Surveillance Secretariat in Health, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Ministry of Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶⁰ Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
⁶¹ University of Calabar/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
⁶² Hospital de Niños Víctor J. Vilela de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
⁶³ Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica.
⁶⁴ International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁶⁵ University Hospital October 12, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁶ PSI Regional Technical Services Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶⁷ Metropolitan University of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
⁶⁹ Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁷⁰ Hospital Sanatorio Trinidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁷¹ The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
⁷² McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁷³ General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka.
⁷⁴ University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
⁷⁵ Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
⁷⁶ Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
⁷⁷ Washington State University - Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁷⁸ Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Orillia, Ontario, Canada.
⁷⁹ Kenya Medical Research Institute- Center for Global Health Research, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
⁸⁰ Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
⁸¹ Ministry of Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁸² Nepal Pediatric Society (NEPAS), Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁸³ King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India.

PMID: 36440349
PMCID: PMC9682277
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1033125

Abstract

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures.

Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management.

Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision.

Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed.

Keywords: RSV; burden; decision research; developing countries; diagnostics; management; prevention.

© 2022 Carbonell-Estrany, Simões, Bont, Gentile, Homaira, Scotta, Stein, Torres, Sheikh, Broor, Khuri-Bulos, Nokes, Munywoki, Bassat, Sharma, Basnet, Garba, De Jesus-Cornejo, Lupisan, Nunes, Divarathna, Fullarton, Rodgers-Gray, Keary, Reñosa, Verwey, Moore, Noordeen, Kabra, do Vale, Paternina-De La Ossa, Mariño, Figueras-Aloy, Krilov, Berezin, Zar, Paudel, Safadi, Dbaibo, Jroundi, Jha, Rafeek, Pinheiro, Bracht, Muthugala, Lanari, Martinón-Torres, Mitchell, Irimu, Pandey, Krishnan, Mejias, Santos Corrêa Da Costa, Shrestha, Pernica, Cotrim de Carvalho, Jalango, Ibrahim, Ewa, Ensinck, Ulloa-Gutierrez, Miralha, Lucion, Hassan, Akhtar, Aleem, Chowdhury, Rojo, Sande, Musau, Zaman, Arlant, Ghimire, Price, Subedi, Brenes-Chacon, Goswami, Rahman, Hossain, Chisti, Vain, Lim, Chiu, Papenburg, Juarez, Senaratne, Arunasalam, Strand, Ayuk, Ogunrinde, Tavares, Garba, Garba, Dawa, Gordon, Osoro, Agoti, Nyawanda, Ngama, Tabu, Mathew, Cornacchia, Rai, Jain, Giongo and Paes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The reviewer PAP declared a past co-authorship with the author(s) FMT to the handling. XCE and BP have received research funding and/or compensation as advisor/lecturer from AbbVie and AstraZeneca. JF and BRG, working for Violicom and former company, have previously received payment from AbbVie and AstraZeneca for work on various projects. MCN reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sanofi-Pasteur; and personal fees from Pfizer and Sanofi-Pasteur. RTS has received fees for Advisory Board meetings and lectures for Sanofi-Pasteur, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and AbbVie. QB serves in the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine development for the protection of infants (since October 2015) (GlaxoSmithKline -GSK). JP reports grants to his institution from MedImmune, Merck, Sanofi Pasteur and AbbVie, and personal fees from AbbVie, Merck and AstraZeneca. JMP reports grants to his institution from MedImmune. HJZ has received funding for RSV-related research studies from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Merck and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. AM has received research funding from Merck and Janssen and compensation as advisor/lecturer from Sanofi-Pasteur and AstraZeneca. IM has been an investigator on studies funded by MedImmune, Regeneron, and Boehringer. MAS has received research funding from Janssen and compensation as advisor/lecturer from AbbVie, Sanofi-Pasteur and AstraZeneca. All declarations made by authors outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Most important areas related to the current and future management of respiratory syncytial virus categorised by economic group^b. ^bBars represent the relative contribution (loading) of each area/theme to explaining the variance in the principal component analysis for the top quintile of factors for each economic group. ^aIncluding low-income countries.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Affiliations

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources