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. 2023 Jun;27(6):2041-2053.
doi: 10.1007/s10461-022-03937-6. Epub 2022 Nov 28.

Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020

Cristina Giménez-García  1 , Rafael Ballester-Arnal  2 , Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino  1 , Jesús Castro-Calvo  3 , María Dolores Gil-Llario  4
Affiliations

Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020

Cristina Giménez-García et al. AIDS Behav. 2023 Jun.

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Self-efficacy seems to be one of the most important resources for the different stages underlying condom use and STI prevention. For this reason, this study evaluates trends in self-efficacy by gender, from 2004 to 2008, 2013 and 2020 in Spain. Throughout these years, 6,698 people ranging from 17 to 40 years old, participated filling the Brief scale of condom use self-efficacy. According to our findings, despite the slight improvement in the recent years, self-efficacy still maintains a risky profile for safe sex, especially among the youngest people. Moreover, most of the traditional gender differences continue over the years with women reporting lower scores for condom purchase and men for putting them. However, these differences are not relevant in other dimensions such as using condoms despite drug consumption where women reveal worse results over the years. Therefore, our findings reaffirm the need of intensifying gendered preventive efforts aimed at Spanish people and, particularly, among the youngest.

La autoeficacia parece ser uno de los recursos más importantes para las diferentes etapas que subyacen al uso del preservativo y la prevención de las ITS. Por ello, este estudio evalúa la tendencia de la autoeficacia por género, desde 2004 a 2008, 2013 y 2020 en España. A lo largo de estos años, 6.698 personas con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 40 años participaron cumplimentando la Escala Breve de autoeficacia en el uso del preservativo. Según nuestros hallazgos, a pesar de la ligera mejoría en los últimos años, la autoeficacia aún mantiene un perfil de riesgo para el sexo seguro, especialmente entre los más jóvenes. Además, la tradicional diferencia de género continúa a lo largo de los años: las mujeres informan puntuaciones más bajas en la compra de condones y los hombres en ponérselo. Sin embargo, estas diferencias no son relevantes en otras dimensiones como el uso del preservativo a pesar del consumo de drogas donde las mujeres muestran peores resultados a lo largo de los años. Por tanto, nuestros hallazgos reafirman la necesidad de intensificar los esfuerzos preventivos de género dirigidos a los españoles y, en particular, a los más jóvenes.

Keywords: STI; age; condom use; gender trend; self-efficacy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Number of participants by gender and age per year of recruitment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Unstandardized predicted value of Global Self-efficacy and by gender
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
. Unstandardized predicted value of Self-efficacy dimensions by year
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Unstandardized predicted value of Self-efficacy dimensions by year for men
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Unstandardized predicted value of Self-efficacy dimensions by year for women
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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