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. 2022 Nov 19;8(11):e11688.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11688. eCollection 2022 Nov.

Amoxicillin degradation ability of Bacillus cereus C1 isolated from catfish pond sludge in Vietnam

Tam-Anh Duong-Nguyen  1 , Minh Hoang Pham  1 , Nghi Hue Lam  1 , Cuong Quoc Pham  1 , Trung Duc Le  2 , Bao Minh Tran  2 , Tung Van Tra  2
Affiliations

Amoxicillin degradation ability of Bacillus cereus C1 isolated from catfish pond sludge in Vietnam

Tam-Anh Duong-Nguyen et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The biological removal of antibiotic residue in the environment has earned great interest. This study presented the biodegradation of amoxicillin (AMX) using B. cereus C1 isolated from the catfish pond sludge in Vietnam. This AMX-degrading bacterial strain grew well in the range of temperatures between 25ΟC and 40ΟC under aerobic condition. In a culture medium containing nitrogen source of NH4Cl (1 g.L-1) alone, the bacterium showed a AMX degradation ability of 54%. The AMX degradation ability of this bacterial strain was the highest level of 94% in the culture medium with 1.5 g.L-1 of NH4Cl and 3 g.L-1 of glucose. B. cereus C1 exhibited a great antibiotic degradation capability on high AMX concentration of 250 μg.mL-1 of AMX with AMX removal efficiency of 84% in 16 h of cultivation.

Keywords: Amoxicillin degradation; Antibiotic resistance; Bacillus cereus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A. Morphology of isolated colony, B. Gram result of the isolated bacteria (×800), and C. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA genes of the strain. The tree was established using a neighbor-joining method with 1000 boot strappings. The scale bar represents 0.0001 replacement per nucleotide position.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Growth curve of B. cereus C1 at different temperatures.
Figure 3
Figure 3
B. cereus C1 cell density (× 108 cells. mL−1) and amoxicillin (AMX) degradation ability (%) of the strain at different concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources supplemented to the culture medium (g.L−1). A. KNO3, B. NH4Cl, C. Urea, D. Glucose, E. Starch, and F. Condensed molasses (CM). Control means the LB medium containing 50 μg.mL−1 of AMX. Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Different letters show significant differences between data groups (p < 0.05). Lower-case letters represent the comparison of the cell density group, and upper-case letters represent the comparison of the AMX degradation group. Values represent the Mean ± SD of 3 replica.
Figure 4
Figure 4
B. cereus C1 cell density and AMX degradation ability of the strain at different concentrations of NH4Cl and glucose (g.L−1). A. Cell density (× 108 cells. mL−1), B. AMX degradation ability (%). Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Different letters show significant differences between data groups (p < 0.05). Values represent the Mean ± SD of 3 replica.
Figure 5
Figure 5
B. cereus C1 cell density and AMX degradation ability of the strain at different concentrations of AMX (μg.mL−1). A. Cell density (× 108 cells. mL−1), B. AMX degradation ability (%). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Different letters show significant differences between data groups (p < 0.05). Values represent the Mean ± SD of 3 replica.
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