From acute pulmonary embolism to post-pulmonary embolism sequelae

Abstract

Aim of this narrative review is to summarize the functional and hemodynamic implications of acute PE and PE sequelae, namely the post-PE syndrome. Briefly, we will first describe the epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic approaches of acute PE. Then, we will provide a definition of the post-PE syndrome and present the so far accumulated evidence regarding its epidemiology and the implications that arise for further diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, we will explore the most devastating long-term complication of PE, namely chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and recent advances in its management.

Keywords: Pulmonary embolism; chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; echocardiography; post pulmonary embolism impairment; post pulmonary embolism syndrome.