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. 2022 Nov 14:13:1039157.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039157. eCollection 2022.

The Effect of immunotherapy on oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients by sites of metastasis

Jia-Chun Ma  1   2 , Jing-Xin Zhang  2 , Fei Wang  2 , Jinming Yu  1   2   3 , Dawei Chen  2
Affiliations

The Effect of immunotherapy on oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients by sites of metastasis

Jia-Chun Ma et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Introduction: The efficacy of immunotherapy for treatment of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at different metastatic sites remains controversial. We investigated the effect of different metastatic sites on immunotherapy for oligometastatic NSCLC following local treatment (LT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with oligometastatic NSCLC from the latest 2018 registry on the SEER Stat software (8.3.9. Version) and a Chinese single-center cohort. The effects of immunotherapy on OS (overall survival) and CSS (cancer specific survival) were estimated for patients with different metastatic sites.

Results: A total of 483 patients in the SEER-18 database and 344 patients in the single-center cohort were included. Immunotherapy was significantly correlated with improved OS (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.754, 95% CI 0.609-0.932; P=0.044; China: Hazard ratio 0.697, 95% CI 0.542-0.896; P=0.005) and CSS (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.743, 95% CI 0.596-0.928; P=0.009; China: Hazard ratio 0.725, 95% CI 0.556-0.945; P=0.018). Subgroup analysis showed that OS was improved after immunotherapy in the BRM (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.565, 95% CI 0.385-0.829; P=0.004; China: Hazard ratio 0.536, 95% CI 0.312-0.920; P=0.024) and MOM (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.524, 95% CI 0.290-0.947; P=0.032; China: Hazard ratio 0.469, 95% CI 0.235-0.937; P=0.032) subgroups, but not in the BOM (SEER: P=0.334; China: P=0.441), LIM (SEER: P=0.301; China: P=0.357), or OTM (SEER: P=0.868; China: P=0.489) subgroups.

Conclusions: This study showed that immunotherapy conferred survival benefits on patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. Our subgroup analysis suggested that patients with oligometastatic NSCLC in the brain or multiple organs may particularly benefit from aggressive front-line therapies.

Keywords: immunotherapy; metastatic sites; non-small cell lung cancer; oligometastases; overall survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the patient selection process from the SEER Database.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier probability plots of Overall Survival and Cancer Specific Survival between the Immunotherapy group and the No immunotherapy group: SEER Database (A, C) and Single-Center cohort (B, D).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plots displaying the relationship between immunotherapy and overall survival (A) and cancer-specific survival (B) within different subgroups in each cohort. BOM, bone metastases only; BRM, brain metastases only; CSS, cancer-specific survival; LIM, liver metastases only; MOM, multiple organ metastases; OS, overall survival; OTM, other metastases.
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