Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Feb:127:162-170.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.035. Epub 2022 Dec 1.

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV in British Columbia and comparisons with a matched HIV-negative cohort: a test-negative design

Adeleke Fowokan  1 , Hasina Samji  2 , Joseph H Puyat  3 , Naveed Z Janjua  4 , James Wilton  1 , Jason Wong  4 , Troy Grennan  4 , Catharine Chambers  5 , Abigail Kroch  6 , Cecilia T Costiniuk  7 , Curtis L Cooper  8 , Ann N Burchell  9 , Aslam Anis  10 ; COVAXHIV study team
Affiliations

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV in British Columbia and comparisons with a matched HIV-negative cohort: a test-negative design

Adeleke Fowokan et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: We estimated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) and compared the estimates with a matched HIV-negative cohort.

Methods: We used the British Columbia COVID-19 Cohort, a population-based data platform, which integrates COVID-19 data on SARS-CoV-2 tests, laboratory-confirmed cases, and immunizations with provincial health services data. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated with a test-negative design using the multivariable logistic regression.

Results: The adjusted VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 71.1% (39.7, 86.1%) 7-59 days after two doses, rising to 89.3% (72.2, 95.9%) between 60 and 89 days. VE was preserved 4-6 months after the receipt of two doses, after which noticeable waning was observed (51.3% [4.8, 75.0%]). In the matched HIV-negative cohort (n = 375,043), VE peaked at 91.4% (90.9, 91.8%) 7-59 days after two doses and was sustained for up to 4 months, after which evidence of waning was observed, dropping to 84.2% (83.4, 85.0%) between 4 and 6 months.

Conclusion: The receipt of two COVID-19 vaccine doses was effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH pre-Omicron. VE estimates appeared to peak later in PLWH than in the matched HIV-negative cohort and the degree of waning was relatively quicker in PLWH; however, peak estimates were comparable in both populations.

Keywords: COVID-19; Canada; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine effectiveness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow diagram for PLWH cohort. BC, British Columbia; PLWH, people living with HIV.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of PLWH and matched HIV-negative cohort who tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 by bi-weekly period C19+, test-positive (cases); C19-, test-negative (controls); PLWH, people living with HIV.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adjusted vaccine effectiveness estimates of COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed infection during the study period, by time since vaccine dose. PLWH, people living with HIV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ge E, Li Y, Wu S, Candido E, Wei X. Association of pre-existing comorbidities with mortality and disease severity among 167,500 individuals with COVID-19 in Canada: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258154. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nomah DK, Reyes-Urueña J, Díaz Y, Moreno S, Aceiton J, Bruguera A, et al. Sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e701–e710. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00240-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ssentongo P, Heilbrunn ES, Ssentongo AE, Advani S, Chinchilli VM, Nunez JJ, Du P. Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11:6283. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85359-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang X, Sun J, Patel RC, Zhang J, Guo S, Zheng Q, et al. Associations between HIV infection and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population level analysis based on US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e690–e700. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00239-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Western Cape Department of Health in collaboration with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e2005. –15-e2015. - PMC - PubMed

Substances

LinkOut - more resources