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. 2022 Nov 18:10:1056370.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056370. eCollection 2022.

Mortality benefits of reduction fine particulate matter in Vietnam, 2019

Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung  1   2 , Vu Tri Duc  2 , Vo Duc Ngoc  2 , Tran Minh Dien  2 , Le Tu Hoang  1 , Tran Thi Thuy Ha  3 , Pham Minh Khue  3 , Ngo Xuan Truong  4 , Nguyen Thi Nhat Thanh  4 , Edward Jegasothy  5 , Guy B Marks  5   6 , Geoffrey Morgan  5   6
Affiliations

Mortality benefits of reduction fine particulate matter in Vietnam, 2019

Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Studies assessing the health benefits of air pollution reduction in Vietnam are scarce. This study quantified the annual mortality burden due to PM2.5 pollution in Vietnam above the World Health Organization recommendation for community health (AQG: 5 μg/m3) and the proposed National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (proposed QCVN: 15 μg/m3).

Methodology: This study applied a health impact assessment methodology with the hazard risk function for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) to calculate attributable deaths, Years of Life lost, and Loss of Life expectancy at birth due to air pollution in the Vietnamese population above 25 years of age in 11 provinces. We obtained annual average PM2.5 concentrations for Vietnam in 2019 at a 3x3 km grid modeled using Mixed Linear regression and multi-data sources. Population and baseline mortality data were obtained from administrative data system in Vietnam. We reported the findings at both the provincial and smaller district levels.

Results: Annual PM2.5 concentrations in all studied provinces exceeded both the AQG and the proposed QCVN. The maximum annual number of attributable deaths in the studied provinces if they had complied with WHO air quality guidelines was in Ha Noi City, with 5,090 (95%CI: 4,253-5,888) attributable deaths. At the district level, the highest annual rate of attributable deaths if the WHO recommendation for community health had been met was 104.6 (95%CI: 87.0-121.5) attributable deaths per 100,000 population in Ly Nhan (Ha Nam province).

Conclusion: A much larger number of premature deaths in Vietnam could potentially be avoided by lowering the recommended air quality standard. These results highlight the need for effective clean air action plans by local authorities to reduce air pollution and improve community health.

Keywords: PM2.5; Vietnam; air pollution; health benefits; mortality burden.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PM2.5 concentrations by districts in the 11 study region provinces of Vietnam, 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Attributable deaths (expressed in rate per 100,000 population) by districts in 11 provinces in Vietnam due to PM2.5 concentrations above the proposed QCVN (15 μg/m3) 2019. The “Not calculated” areas had the PM2.5 concentration lower than the proposed QCVN (15 μg/m3).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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