Long term effectiveness of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV (Vero Cells) against COVID-19 associated severe and critical hospitalization in Morocco

Abstract

Background: We provide national estimates of the real-world Vaccine effectiveness (VE) based on nationally available surveillance data. The study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the inactivated Covid-19 vaccine BBIBP-CorV (Vero Cells) Sinopharm vaccine currently deployed in Morocco against SARS- CoV-2 severe disease/ hospitalization" within 9 months after vaccination.

Methods: We conducted a test-negative, case-control study among a population aged 18 years or older who were tested by rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection from February to October 2021 in Morocco. From the national laboratory COVID-19 database; we identified cases who were rt-PCR positive amongst severe and critical COVID-19 cases and controls who had a negative rt-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. From the national vaccination register (NVR); individuals vaccinated with COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) and those unvaccinated were identified and included in the study. The linkage between databases was conducted for the study of Vaccination status based on the timing of the vaccine receipt relative to the SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR test date. For each person, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, we identified a propensity score-matched control participant who was tested negative. We estimated vaccine effectiveness against SARS- CoV-2 severe disease/ hospitalization using conditional logistic regression.

Results: Among 12884 persons who tested positive and 12885 propensity score-matched control participants, the median age was 62 years, 47.2% of whom were female. As a function of time after vaccination of second dose vaccination, vaccine effectiveness during the first month was 88% (95% CI, 84-91), 87% (95% CI: 83-90) during the second and third month, 75% (95% CI: 67-80) during the fourth month, 61% (95% CI: 54-67) during the fifth month, and 64% (95% CI: 59-69) beyond the sixth month. VE remained high and stable during the first three months in the two-age subgroup. In the fourth month, the VE in the older population aged 60 years and above (64%) was reduced by 20 points compared to VE in the younger population (84%).

Conclusion: A Sinopharm vaccine is highly protective against serious SARS-CoV-2 infection under real-world conditions. Protection remained high and stable during the first three months following the second dose and decreases slightly beyond the fourth month especially beyond 60 years.

Fig 1. Estimates Vaccine effectiveness of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV against COVID-19-associated severe or critical hospitalization according to vaccination status and by time since vaccination.

Fig 2. Vaccine Effectiveness of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV against COVID-19-associated severe or critical hospitalization over time since second dose vaccination.

Vaccine Effectiveness at each Time Point: At (1–30) time point; VE 88% (95% CI: 84–91), At (31–60) time point; 87% (95% CI: 83–90), At (61–90) time point; 87% (95% CI: 83–90), At (91–120) time point; 75% (95% CI: 67–80), At (121–150) time point; 61% (95% CI: 54–67), Beyond 150 days’ time point; 64% (95% CI: 59–69).

Fig 3. Vaccine effectiveness of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV against COVID-19-associated severe or critical hospitalization over time since second dose vaccination according to age subgroup.

Vaccine Effectiveness at each Time Point in age subgroup ≥ 60 years old: VE at (1–30) time point; 80% (95% CI: 80–94).VE at (31–60) time point; 85% (95% CI: 76–91). VE at (61–90) time point; 87% (95% CI: 78–92). VE at (91–120) time point; 64% (95% CI: 48–75). VE at (121–150) time point; 53% (95% CI: 42–61). VE Beyond 150 days’ time point; 66% (95% CI: 59–70). Vaccine Effectiveness at each time point in age subgroup < 60 years old: VE at (1–30) time point; 88% (95% CI: 82–92). VE at (31–60) time point; 90% (95% CI: 85–93). VE at (61–90) time point; 90% (95% CI: 85–93). VE at (91–120) time point; 84% (95% CI: 74–90). VE at (121–150) time point; 72% (95% CI: 60–80). VE Beyond 150 days’ time point; 70% (95% CI: 57–79).

Fig 4. Estimates Vaccine effectiveness of inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV against COVID-19-associated severe or critical hospitalization according to age and gender over time since second dose vaccination.