doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01774-9.
The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset
Sandra Díaz #
1
2
, Jens Kattge #
3
4
, Johannes H C Cornelissen
5
, Ian J Wright
6
7
, Sandra Lavorel
8
, Stéphane Dray
9
, Björn Reu
10
, Michael Kleyer
11
, Christian Wirth
12
13
14
, I Colin Prentice
7
15
16
, Eric Garnier
17
, Gerhard Bönisch
12
, Mark Westoby
7
, Hendrik Poorter
7
18
, Peter B Reich
6
19
20
, Angela T Moles
21
, John Dickie
22
, Amy E Zanne
23
24
, Jérôme Chave
25
, S Joseph Wright
26
, Serge N Sheremetiev
27
, Hervé Jactel
28
, Christopher Baraloto
29
, Bruno E L Cerabolini
30
, Simon Pierce
31
, Bill Shipley
32
, Fernando Casanoves
33
, Julia S Joswig
12
34
, Angela Günther
12
, Valeria Falczuk
35
36
, Nadja Rüger
13
26
37
, Miguel D Mahecha
13
38
, Lucas D Gorné
35
, Bernard Amiaud #
39
, Owen K Atkin
40
, Michael Bahn
41
, Dennis Baldocchi
42
, Michael Beckmann
43
, Benjamin Blonder
44
45
, William Bond
46
47
, Ben Bond-Lamberty
48
, Kerry Brown
49
, Sabina Burrascano
50
, Chaeho Byun
51
, Giandiego Campetella
52
, Jeannine Cavender-Bares
53
, F Stuart Chapin 3rd
54
, Brendan Choat
6
, David Anthony Coomes
55
, William K Cornwell
21
, Joseph Craine
56
, Dylan Craven
57
, Matteo Dainese
58
, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo
59
, Franciska T de Vries
60
, Tomas Ferreira Domingues
61
, Brian J Enquist
62
63
, Jaime Fagúndez
64
, Jingyun Fang
65
, Fernando Fernández-Méndez
66
67
, Maria T Fernandez-Piedade
68
, Henry Ford
69
, Estelle Forey
70
, Gregoire T Freschet
71
, Sophie Gachet
72
, Rachael Gallagher
7
, Walton Green
73
, Greg R Guerin
74
, Alvaro G Gutiérrez
75
76
, Sandy P Harrison
77
, Wesley Neil Hattingh
78
, Tianhua He
79
80
, Thomas Hickler
81
82
, Steven I Higgins
83
, Pedro Higuchi
84
, Jugo Ilic
85
86
, Robert B Jackson
87
, Adel Jalili
88
, Steven Jansen
89
, Fumito Koike
90
, Christian König
91
92
, Nathan Kraft
93
, Koen Kramer
94
95
, Holger Kreft
92
96
, Ingolf Kühn
13
97
98
, Hiroko Kurokawa
99
, Eric G Lamb
100
, Daniel C Laughlin
101
, Michelle Leishman
7
, Simon Lewis
102
, Frédérique Louault
103
, Ana C M Malhado
104
, Peter Manning
81
105
, Patrick Meir
40
106
, Maurizio Mencuccini
107
108
, Julie Messier
109
, Regis Miller
110
, Vanessa Minden
11
111
, Jane Molofsky
112
, Rebecca Montgomery
19
, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí
113
, Marco Moretti
114
, Sandra Müller
115
, Ülo Niinemets
116
117
, Romà Ogaya
107
118
, Kinga Öllerer
119
120
, Vladimir Onipchenko
121
, Yusuke Onoda
122
, Wim A Ozinga
123
, Juli G Pausas
124
, Begoña Peco
125
, Josep Penuelas
107
118
, Valério D Pillar
126
, Clara Pladevall
127
, Christine Römermann
13
128
, Lawren Sack
93
, Norma Salinas
45
129
, Brody Sandel
130
, Jordi Sardans
107
118
, Brandon Schamp
131
, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
115
, Ernst-Detlef Schulze
12
, Fritz Schweingruber #
132
, Satomi Shiodera
133
134
, Ênio Sosinski
135
, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia
136
137
, Marko J Spasojevic
138
, Emily Swaine
139
, Nathan Swenson
140
, Susanne Tautenhahn
12
, Ken Thompson
141
, Alexia Totte
142
, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert
143
144
, Fernando Valladares
145
146
, Peter van Bodegom
137
, François Vasseur
17
147
, Kris Verheyen
148
, Denis Vile
147
, Cyrille Violle
17
, Betsy von Holle
149
, Patrick Weigelt
92
96
, Evan Weiher
150
, Michael C Wiemann
110
, Mathew Williams
106
, Justin Wright
151
, Gerhard Zotz
26
152
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina. sandra.diaz@unc.edu.ar.
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. sandra.diaz@unc.edu.ar.
- 3 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. jkattge@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
- 4 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. jkattge@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
- 5 A-LIFE, section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 6 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- 7 School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- 8 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France.
- 9 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- 10 Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra. 27 Calle 9, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 11 Landscape Ecology Group, Inst. of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
- 12 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- 13 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 14 University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 15 Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
- 16 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- 17 CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- 18 Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- 19 Department of Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- 20 Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- 21 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- 22 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK.
- 23 Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
- 24 Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- 25 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France.
- 26 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama.
- 27 Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- 28 INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France.
- 29 International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- 30 Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, via Dunant 3, IT-21100, Varese, Italy.
- 31 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, IT-20133, Italy.
- 32 Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- 33 CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
- 34 University of Zurich Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- 35 Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina.
- 36 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
- 37 Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 38 Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- 39 Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France.
- 40 Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
- 41 Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 42 University of California, Berkeley, USA.
- 43 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- 44 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 45 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- 46 University of CapeTown, Biological Sciences, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 47 South African Environmental Observation Network, c/o Fynbos node, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa.
- 48 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
- 49 Kingston University London, Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston Upon Thames, UK.
- 50 Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
- 51 Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea.
- 52 School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine - Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
- 53 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- 54 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
- 55 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Pembroke St, Cambridge, CB2, UK.
- 56 Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
- 57 Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- 58 Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
- 59 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Belém, PA, CEP 66095-100, Brazil.
- 60 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 61 Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras - Universidade de São Paulo - Depto. de Biologia, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- 62 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- 63 The Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
- 64 Biology department, BioCost group, Centro interdisciplinar de química y biología CICA, University of A Coruña, 15071A, Coruña, Spain.
- 65 Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- 66 Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.
- 67 Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Costa Rica.
- 68 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - CEP, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
- 69 Ecological Flora of the British Isles, Bath, UK.
- 70 Université de Rouen Normandie- INRAE, 76000, Rouen, France.
- 71 Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 09200, Moulis, France.
- 72 IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, Marseille, France.
- 73 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- 74 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
- 75 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile.
- 76 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile.
- 77 University of Reading, Reading, UK.
- 78 Nova Pioneer, Global Systems and Analytics, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa.
- 79 School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- 80 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
- 81 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganalge 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- 82 Institut of Physcial Geography, Goethe University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- 83 Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
- 84 Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil.
- 85 University of Melbourne, Melburne, Australia.
- 86 CSIRO, Melburne, Canada.
- 87 Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford, CA, USA.
- 88 Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
- 89 Institue of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- 90 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
- 91 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- 92 Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- 93 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
- 94 Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- 95 Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 96 Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- 97 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- 98 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany.
- 99 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan.
- 100 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- 101 Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- 102 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- 103 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France.
- 104 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
- 105 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 106 School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FF, United Kingdom.
- 107 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
- 108 ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
- 109 Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- 110 Forest Products Lab, USDA Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- 111 Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- 112 Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA.
- 113 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
- 114 Biodiverstiy and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.
- 115 Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- 116 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia.
- 117 Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia.
- 118 CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
- 119 Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 060031, Bucharest, Romania.
- 120 Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary.
- 121 Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
- 122 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- 123 Wageningen Environmental Research, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- 124 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, 46113, Spain.
- 125 Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
- 126 Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- 127 Snow and Mountain Research Center of Andorra, Andorran Research + Innovation, Avda. Rocafort 21-23 Sant Julià de Lòria, Principality of Andorra, Julià de Lòria, Andorra.
- 128 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
- 129 Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 130 Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
- 131 Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste, Marie, Ontario, P6A 6J8, Canada.
- 132 Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.
- 133 Department of Global Liberal Studies, Faculty of Global Liberal Studies, Nanzan University, Aichi, 466-8673, Japan.
- 134 Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- 135 Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
- 136 Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
- 137 Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, Netherlands.
- 138 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
- 139 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
- 140 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- 141 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- 142 Département de biologie des organismes et écologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Roosevelt, Belgique.
- 143 Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile.
- 144 Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Santiago, Chile.
- 145 National Museum of Natural Sciences, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- 146 University Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación C/Tulipán sn, 28033, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
- 147 LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
- 148 Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
- 149 National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
- 150 Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, USA.
- 151 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- 152 Functional Ecology Group, Inst. of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
# Contributed equally.
- PMID: 36477373
- PMCID: PMC9729214
- DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01774-9
Item in Clipboard
The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset
Sandra Díaz et al.
Sci Data.
.
Display options
Format
doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01774-9.
Authors
Sandra Díaz #
1
2
, Jens Kattge #
3
4
, Johannes H C Cornelissen
5
, Ian J Wright
6
7
, Sandra Lavorel
8
, Stéphane Dray
9
, Björn Reu
10
, Michael Kleyer
11
, Christian Wirth
12
13
14
, I Colin Prentice
7
15
16
, Eric Garnier
17
, Gerhard Bönisch
12
, Mark Westoby
7
, Hendrik Poorter
7
18
, Peter B Reich
6
19
20
, Angela T Moles
21
, John Dickie
22
, Amy E Zanne
23
24
, Jérôme Chave
25
, S Joseph Wright
26
, Serge N Sheremetiev
27
, Hervé Jactel
28
, Christopher Baraloto
29
, Bruno E L Cerabolini
30
, Simon Pierce
31
, Bill Shipley
32
, Fernando Casanoves
33
, Julia S Joswig
12
34
, Angela Günther
12
, Valeria Falczuk
35
36
, Nadja Rüger
13
26
37
, Miguel D Mahecha
13
38
, Lucas D Gorné
35
, Bernard Amiaud #
39
, Owen K Atkin
40
, Michael Bahn
41
, Dennis Baldocchi
42
, Michael Beckmann
43
, Benjamin Blonder
44
45
, William Bond
46
47
, Ben Bond-Lamberty
48
, Kerry Brown
49
, Sabina Burrascano
50
, Chaeho Byun
51
, Giandiego Campetella
52
, Jeannine Cavender-Bares
53
, F Stuart Chapin 3rd
54
, Brendan Choat
6
, David Anthony Coomes
55
, William K Cornwell
21
, Joseph Craine
56
, Dylan Craven
57
, Matteo Dainese
58
, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo
59
, Franciska T de Vries
60
, Tomas Ferreira Domingues
61
, Brian J Enquist
62
63
, Jaime Fagúndez
64
, Jingyun Fang
65
, Fernando Fernández-Méndez
66
67
, Maria T Fernandez-Piedade
68
, Henry Ford
69
, Estelle Forey
70
, Gregoire T Freschet
71
, Sophie Gachet
72
, Rachael Gallagher
7
, Walton Green
73
, Greg R Guerin
74
, Alvaro G Gutiérrez
75
76
, Sandy P Harrison
77
, Wesley Neil Hattingh
78
, Tianhua He
79
80
, Thomas Hickler
81
82
, Steven I Higgins
83
, Pedro Higuchi
84
, Jugo Ilic
85
86
, Robert B Jackson
87
, Adel Jalili
88
, Steven Jansen
89
, Fumito Koike
90
, Christian König
91
92
, Nathan Kraft
93
, Koen Kramer
94
95
, Holger Kreft
92
96
, Ingolf Kühn
13
97
98
, Hiroko Kurokawa
99
, Eric G Lamb
100
, Daniel C Laughlin
101
, Michelle Leishman
7
, Simon Lewis
102
, Frédérique Louault
103
, Ana C M Malhado
104
, Peter Manning
81
105
, Patrick Meir
40
106
, Maurizio Mencuccini
107
108
, Julie Messier
109
, Regis Miller
110
, Vanessa Minden
11
111
, Jane Molofsky
112
, Rebecca Montgomery
19
, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí
113
, Marco Moretti
114
, Sandra Müller
115
, Ülo Niinemets
116
117
, Romà Ogaya
107
118
, Kinga Öllerer
119
120
, Vladimir Onipchenko
121
, Yusuke Onoda
122
, Wim A Ozinga
123
, Juli G Pausas
124
, Begoña Peco
125
, Josep Penuelas
107
118
, Valério D Pillar
126
, Clara Pladevall
127
, Christine Römermann
13
128
, Lawren Sack
93
, Norma Salinas
45
129
, Brody Sandel
130
, Jordi Sardans
107
118
, Brandon Schamp
131
, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
115
, Ernst-Detlef Schulze
12
, Fritz Schweingruber #
132
, Satomi Shiodera
133
134
, Ênio Sosinski
135
, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia
136
137
, Marko J Spasojevic
138
, Emily Swaine
139
, Nathan Swenson
140
, Susanne Tautenhahn
12
, Ken Thompson
141
, Alexia Totte
142
, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert
143
144
, Fernando Valladares
145
146
, Peter van Bodegom
137
, François Vasseur
17
147
, Kris Verheyen
148
, Denis Vile
147
, Cyrille Violle
17
, Betsy von Holle
149
, Patrick Weigelt
92
96
, Evan Weiher
150
, Michael C Wiemann
110
, Mathew Williams
106
, Justin Wright
151
, Gerhard Zotz
26
152
Affiliations
- 1 Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina. sandra.diaz@unc.edu.ar.
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. sandra.diaz@unc.edu.ar.
- 3 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. jkattge@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
- 4 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. jkattge@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
- 5 A-LIFE, section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 6 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- 7 School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- 8 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France.
- 9 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- 10 Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra. 27 Calle 9, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 11 Landscape Ecology Group, Inst. of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
- 12 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- 13 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 14 University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 15 Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
- 16 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- 17 CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- 18 Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- 19 Department of Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- 20 Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- 21 Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- 22 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK.
- 23 Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
- 24 Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- 25 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France.
- 26 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama.
- 27 Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- 28 INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France.
- 29 International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- 30 Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, via Dunant 3, IT-21100, Varese, Italy.
- 31 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, IT-20133, Italy.
- 32 Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- 33 CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
- 34 University of Zurich Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- 35 Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina.
- 36 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
- 37 Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 38 Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- 39 Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France.
- 40 Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
- 41 Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 42 University of California, Berkeley, USA.
- 43 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- 44 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 45 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- 46 University of CapeTown, Biological Sciences, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 47 South African Environmental Observation Network, c/o Fynbos node, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa.
- 48 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
- 49 Kingston University London, Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston Upon Thames, UK.
- 50 Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
- 51 Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea.
- 52 School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine - Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
- 53 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- 54 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
- 55 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Pembroke St, Cambridge, CB2, UK.
- 56 Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
- 57 Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- 58 Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
- 59 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Belém, PA, CEP 66095-100, Brazil.
- 60 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 61 Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras - Universidade de São Paulo - Depto. de Biologia, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- 62 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- 63 The Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
- 64 Biology department, BioCost group, Centro interdisciplinar de química y biología CICA, University of A Coruña, 15071A, Coruña, Spain.
- 65 Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- 66 Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.
- 67 Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Costa Rica.
- 68 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - CEP, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
- 69 Ecological Flora of the British Isles, Bath, UK.
- 70 Université de Rouen Normandie- INRAE, 76000, Rouen, France.
- 71 Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 09200, Moulis, France.
- 72 IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, Marseille, France.
- 73 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- 74 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
- 75 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile.
- 76 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile.
- 77 University of Reading, Reading, UK.
- 78 Nova Pioneer, Global Systems and Analytics, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa.
- 79 School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- 80 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
- 81 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganalge 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- 82 Institut of Physcial Geography, Goethe University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- 83 Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
- 84 Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil.
- 85 University of Melbourne, Melburne, Australia.
- 86 CSIRO, Melburne, Canada.
- 87 Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford, CA, USA.
- 88 Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
- 89 Institue of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- 90 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
- 91 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- 92 Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- 93 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
- 94 Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- 95 Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 96 Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- 97 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- 98 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany.
- 99 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan.
- 100 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- 101 Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- 102 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- 103 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France.
- 104 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
- 105 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 106 School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FF, United Kingdom.
- 107 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
- 108 ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
- 109 Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- 110 Forest Products Lab, USDA Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- 111 Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- 112 Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA.
- 113 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
- 114 Biodiverstiy and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.
- 115 Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- 116 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia.
- 117 Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia.
- 118 CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
- 119 Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 060031, Bucharest, Romania.
- 120 Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary.
- 121 Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
- 122 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- 123 Wageningen Environmental Research, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- 124 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, 46113, Spain.
- 125 Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
- 126 Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- 127 Snow and Mountain Research Center of Andorra, Andorran Research + Innovation, Avda. Rocafort 21-23 Sant Julià de Lòria, Principality of Andorra, Julià de Lòria, Andorra.
- 128 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
- 129 Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 130 Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
- 131 Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste, Marie, Ontario, P6A 6J8, Canada.
- 132 Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.
- 133 Department of Global Liberal Studies, Faculty of Global Liberal Studies, Nanzan University, Aichi, 466-8673, Japan.
- 134 Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- 135 Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
- 136 Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
- 137 Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, Netherlands.
- 138 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
- 139 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
- 140 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- 141 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- 142 Département de biologie des organismes et écologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Roosevelt, Belgique.
- 143 Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile.
- 144 Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Santiago, Chile.
- 145 National Museum of Natural Sciences, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- 146 University Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación C/Tulipán sn, 28033, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
- 147 LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
- 148 Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
- 149 National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
- 150 Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, USA.
- 151 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- 152 Functional Ecology Group, Inst. of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
# Contributed equally.
- PMID: 36477373
- PMCID: PMC9729214
- DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01774-9
Item in Clipboard
Display options
Format
Abstract
Here we provide the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits -plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass - define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date.
© 2022. The Author(s).
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
Fig. 1
Scatterplot indicating the relation of…
Fig. 1
Scatterplot indicating the relation of standard deviation within species and sample size on…
Scatterplot indicating the relation of standard deviation within species and sample size on the example of SLA data (1/LMA) derived from the TRY database version 1 (Kattge et al., Fig. S1).
Fig. 2
Climatic and geographical coverage of…
Fig. 2
Climatic and geographical coverage of the dataset. Green points, occurrences according to the…
Climatic and geographical coverage of the dataset. Green points, occurrences according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://www.gbif.org ) of species with information on at least one core trait (upper panels) and all six core traits (lower panels). Right panels show distribution in the global map (Robinson projection); grey: land surface. Maps are based on the R package ‘maps’, accessed at The Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/maps/index.html ). Left panels show distribution in major climatic regions of the world; grey: MAP and MAT as in Climate Research Unit (CRU) CL v.1.0 0.5 degree climatology (http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/data , ref. ); Biome classification according to Whittaker. This figure is reproduced from ref. with permission.
Fig. 3
Frequency distributions of species for…
Fig. 3
Frequency distributions of species for the six core traits. Grey: species with all…
Frequency distributions of species for the six core traits. Grey: species with all six traits; white: species with at least one trait. (a) Plant height, (b) Seed mass, (c) SSD: stem dry mass per stem fresh volume (stem specific density), (d) Leaf area, (e) LMA: leaf dry mass per leaf area, (f) Leaf Nmass: leaf nitrogen content per leaf dry mass (leaf nitrogen concentration).
Fig. 4
The coverage of species per…
Fig. 4
The coverage of species per trait with respect to woodiness (woody versus non-woody…
The coverage of species per trait with respect to woodiness (woody versus non-woody incl. semi-woody). The coverage in the GIFT database, a comprehensive baseline of plant growth form, is included for external comparison (see ref. for more details). In parentheses: the number of species with data for the trait and the number of species for which woodiness could be determined.
References
-
- Violle C, et al. Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos. 2007;116:882–892. doi: 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15559.x. - DOI
-
- Aerts R, Chapin FS. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research, Vol 30. 2000;30:1–67.
-
- Grime, J. P. Plant Strategies, Vegetation Processes, and Ecosystem Properties., (John Wiley & Sons, 2001).
-
- Diaz S, et al. The plant traits that drive ecosystems: Evidence from three continents. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2004;15:295–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02266.x. - DOI
-
- Lavorel S, Garnier E. Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Functional Ecology. 2002;16:545–556. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00664.x. - DOI
