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Review
. 2023 Jan;14(1):3-11.
doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14745. Epub 2022 Dec 8.

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040

Chun-Quan Liu  1 , Yun-Lei Ma  1 , Qi Qin  1 , Pei-Hao Wang  1 , Yi Luo  1 , Peng-Fei Xu  2   3 , Yong Cui  1
Affiliations
Review

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040

Chun-Quan Liu et al. Thorac Cancer. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is a familiar malignancy with high incidence and mortality, and the overall prognosis is poor. The numbers of cases of and deaths from esophageal cancer have risen rapidly in recent decades. It is one of the most malignant cancers, with more than 0.6 million new cases and 0.54 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Here, we present the global epidemiology of esophageal cancer in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040 at different geographical levels of continents, regions and countries, and analyze them by gender, race, geographic region and human development index. We summarize the prospects for the esophageal cancer burden and risk factors in different areas, which will be useful for global esophageal cancer clinical therapy and cancer control planning.

Keywords: esophageal cancer; incidence; mortality; projection.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflict of interest for this article.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Incidence of esophageal cancer worldwide in 2020. (a) Distribution of new cases of esophageal cancer by continent, both sexes. (b) Top 10 countries for estimated new cases of esophageal cancer, both sexes, all ages. (c) Age‐standardized incidence rate of the four‐tier Human Development Index (HDI) for esophageal cancer worldwide in males and females. ASR, age‐standardized rate. GLOBOCAN 2020
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Region‐specific incidence and mortality age‐standardized rates for esophageal cancer worldwide in 2020. Rates are shown in descending order of the age‐standardized rates (ASR) among incidence. GLOBOCAN 2020
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Mortality of esophageal cancer worldwide in 2020. (a) Distribution of deaths for esophageal cancer by continent, both sexes. (b) Top 10 countries for estimated deaths of esophageal cancer, both sexes, all ages. (c) Age‐standardized mortality rate of the four‐tier Human Development Index (HDI) for esophageal cancer worldwide in males and females. GLOBOCAN 2020
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Estimated new cases (a) and deaths (b) of esophageal cancer worldwide in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040. GLOBOCAN 2020
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Estimated new cases (a) and deaths (b) of esophageal cancer in China, India, and the United States in 2020 and projections to 2030 and 2040. GLOBOCAN 2020
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