Trimester-specific ambient PM2.5 exposures and risk of intellectual disability in Utah
- PMID: 36495968
- PMCID: PMC9845186
- DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115009
Trimester-specific ambient PM2.5 exposures and risk of intellectual disability in Utah
Abstract
Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is an understudied risk factor for neurodevelopmental outcomes, including intellectual disability (ID). Associations among prenatal exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes may vary depending on the timing of exposure. Limited numbers of studies examining PM2.5 and neurodevelopmental outcomes have considered exposures occurring during the preconception period. To address these gaps, we conducted a case-control study of children born in Utah between 2002 and 2008 (n = 1032). Cases were identified using methods developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network and matched with controls on birth year, sex, and birth county. We estimated the daily average PM2.5 concentration during a period spanning 12 weeks before the estimated conception date, as well as during each of the three trimesters at the maternal residential address listed on the child's birth certificate. In a multivariable model, the third (OR: 2.119, CI: 1.123-3.998, p = .021) and fourth (OR: 2.631, CI: 1.750-3.956, p < .001) quartiles for preconception average PM2.5 demonstrated significantly increased risk of ID relative to the first quartile. Second quartile preconception exposure was also associated with increased risk, though it did not reach significance (OR: 1.385, CI: 0.979-1.959, p = .07). The fourth quartile of first trimester average PM2.5 was positive and significant (OR: 2.278, CI: 1.522-3.411, p < .001); the third quartile was positive, but not significant (OR: 1.159, CI: 0.870-1.544, p = .312). Quartiles of second and third trimester were not associated with higher risk of ID. These findings from Utah, which were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, provide initial evidence that preconception and prenatal PM2.5 exposure may be associated with ID. Future studies are needed across other geographic locations and populations.
Keywords: Intellectual disability; PM(2.5); Preconception; Utah.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sara Grineski reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health.
References
-
- Altshuler G 1993. "Some placental considerations related to neurodevelopmental and other disorders " Journal of Child Neurology 8 (1):78–94. - PubMed
-
- American Psychiatric Association. 2020. "What is Intellectual Disability?", accessed 25 September. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/wha....
-
- Bansal Esha, Hsu Hsiao-Hsien, de Water Erik, Martínez-Medina Sandra, Schnaas Lourdes, Just Allan C., Horton Megan, Bellinger David C., Téllez-Rojo Martha M., and Wright Robert O.. 2021. "Prenatal PM2. 5 exposure in the second and third trimesters predicts neurocognitive performance at age 9–10 years: A cohort study of Mexico City children." Environmental Research 202:111651. - PMC - PubMed
-
- Bell Michelle L., Banerjee Geetanjoli, and Pereira Gavin. 2018. "Residential mobility of pregnant women and implications for assessment of spatially-varying environmental exposures." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 28:470–480. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical