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Review
. 2022 Nov 28;12(23):3322.
doi: 10.3390/ani12233322.

Nutritional and Functional Roles of Phytase and Xylanase Enhancing the Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs and Broiler Chickens

Vitor Hugo C Moita  1 , Sung Woo Kim  1
Affiliations
Review

Nutritional and Functional Roles of Phytase and Xylanase Enhancing the Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs and Broiler Chickens

Vitor Hugo C Moita et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

This review paper discussed the nutritional and functional roles of phytase and xylanase enhancing the intestinal and growth of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. There are different feed enzymes that are currently supplemented to feeds for nursery pigs and broiler chickens. Phytase and xylanase have been extensively studied showing consistent results especially related to enhancement of nutrient digestibility and growth performance of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. Findings from recent studies raise the hypothesis that phytase and xylanase could play functional roles beyond increasing nutrient digestibility, but also enhancing the intestinal health and positively modulating the intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. In conclusion, the supplementation of phytase and xylanase for nursery pigs and broiler chickens reaffirmed the benefits related to enhancement of nutrient digestibility and growth performance, whilst also playing functional roles benefiting the intestinal microbiota and reducing the intestinal oxidative damages. As a result, it could contribute to a reduction in the feed costs by allowing the use of a wider range of feedstuffs without compromising the optimal performance of the animals, as well as the environmental concerns associated with a poor hydrolysis of antinutritional factors present in the diets for swine and poultry.

Keywords: 3-phytase; 6-phytase; broiler chickens; functional roles; intestinal health; nursery pigs; xylanase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in the average daily gain (ADG) of broiler chickens by 3- and 6-phytase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 2 that showed changes in the ADG. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of phytase individually on the ADG reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no phytase. The average changes in the ADG of broiler chickens by 3- and 6-phytase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in the average daily gain (ADG) of nursery pigs by 3- and 6-phytase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 2 that showed changes in the ADG. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of phytase individually on the ADG reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no phytase. The average changes in the ADG of nursery pigs by 3- and 6-phytase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A list of the number of peer-reviewed papers found in the PubMed using different keywords. Black bars: phytase, growth, broiler chickens as key words; grey bars: phytase, intestinal health, broiler chickens as keywords.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A list of the number of peer-reviewed papers found in the PubMed using different keywords. Black bars: phytase, growth, pigs as key words; grey bars: phytase, intestinal health, pigs as keywords.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Changes in the average daily gain (ADG) of broiler chickens by xylanase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 3 that showed changes in the ADG. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of xylanase individually on the ADG reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no xylanase. The average changes in the ADG of broiler chickens by xylanase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes in the average daily gain (ADG) of nursery pigs by xylanase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 3 that showed changes in the ADG. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of xylanase individually on the ADG reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no xylanase. The average changes in the ADG of nursery pigs by xylanase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A list of the number of peer-reviewed papers found in the PubMed using different keywords. Black bars: xylanase, growth, broiler chickens as key words; grey bars: xylanase, intestinal health, broiler chickens as keywords.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A list of the number of peer-reviewed papers found in the PubMed using different keywords. Black bars: xylanase, growth, pigs as key words; grey bars: xylanase, intestinal health, pigs as keywords.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Changes in the jejunum digesta viscosity of broiler chickens by xylanase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 3 that showed changes in the jejunal digesta viscosity. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of xylanase on the jejunal digesta viscosity reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no xylanase. The average changes in the jejunal digesta viscosity of broiler chickens by xylanase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Changes in the jejunum digesta viscosity of nursery pigs by xylanase supplementation among the studies displayed in Table 4 that showed changes in the jejunal digesta viscosity. The studies were selected from peer-reviewed literature available after 2000. The percentage of change refers to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and tendency (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) effects of xylanase on the jejunal digesta viscosity reported from each respective study. The described effects were in comparison with treatments containing no xylanase. The average changes in the jejunal digesta viscosity of nursery pigs by xylanase supplementation were calculated excluding the studies that showed no effect.
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