Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Nov 25;14(23):5823.
doi: 10.3390/cancers14235823.

Tumor Location and a Tumor Volume over 2.8 cc Predict the Prognosis for Japanese Localized Prostate Cancer

Haruki Baba  1 , Shinichi Sakamoto  1 , Xue Zhao  1 , Yasutaka Yamada  1 , Junryo Rii  1 , Ayumi Fujimoto  1 , Manato Kanesaka  1 , Nobuyoshi Takeuchi  1 , Tomokazu Sazuka  1 , Yusuke Imamura  1 , Koichiro Akakura  2 , Tomohiko Ichikawa  1
Affiliations

Tumor Location and a Tumor Volume over 2.8 cc Predict the Prognosis for Japanese Localized Prostate Cancer

Haruki Baba et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Objective: Our study investigated the prognostic value of tumor volume and location in prostate cancer patients who received radical prostatectomy (RP). (2) Methods: The prognostic significance of tumor volume and location, together with other clinical factors, was studied using 557 patients who received RP. (3) Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve identified the optimal cutoff value of tumor volume as 2.8 cc for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR). Cox regression analysis revealed that a tumor in the posterior area (p = 0.031), peripheral zone (p = 0.0472), and tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc (p < 0.0001) were predictive factors in univariate analysis. After multivariate analysis, tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc (p = 0.0225) was an independent predictive factor for BCR. Among them, a novel risk model was established using tumor volume and location in the posterior area and peripheral zone. The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients who met the three criteria (unfavorable group) was significantly worse than other groups (p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the unfavorable risk was an independent prognostic factor for BCR. The prognostic significance of our risk model was observed in low- to intermediate-risk patients, although it was not observed in high-risk patients. (4) Conclusion: Tumor volume (≥2.8 cc) and localization (posterior/peripheral zone) may be a novel prognostic factor in patients undergoing RP.

Keywords: biochemical recurrence; prognostic factor; prostate cancer; tumor location; tumor volume.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of an anatomical division of the prostate. The location of the Anterior/Posterior and Peripheral/Transitional Zones are described. (A) Sagittal view. (B) Axial view.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prognostic significance of tumor location and tumor volume. (A) Patients with tumor in the PZ had significantly worse PFS than those in the TZ (p = 0.0354). (B) Patients with tumor in the posterior region had significantly worse PFS than those in the anterior region (p = 0.027). (C) There was no difference in PFS between apex and non-apex regions. (D) Patients with tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc had significantly worse PFS than those <2.8 cc (p < 0.0001).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prognostic model based on the location and tumor volume (A) Venn diagram of risk model based on the location and tumor volume. (B) Risk classification significantly differentiated the PFS between the Favorable and Unfavorable group (p = 0.001) and the Moderate and Unfavorable group (p < 0.0001). (C) The tumor volume showed significant differences among different risk groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prognostic significance of Tumor volume 2.8 cc based on the location. (A) Patients with tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc had significantly worse PFS in the PZ (p < 0.0001). (B) Patients with tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc had significantly worse PFS in the TZ (p = 0.0345). (C) Patients with tumor volume ≥ 2.8 cc had significantly worse PFS in the posterior region (p < 0.0001). (D) In the anterior region, there was no difference in PFS by tumor volume cutoff of 2.8 cc.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2022;72:7–33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21708. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Costello A.J. Considering the role of radical prostatectomy in 21st century prostate cancer care. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2020;17:177–188. doi: 10.1038/s41585-020-0287-y. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Han M., Partin A.W., Pound C.R., Epstein J.I., Walsh P.C. Long-term biochemical disease-free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. The 15-year Johns Hopkins experience. Urol. Clin. N. Am. 2001;28:555–565. doi: 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70163-4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Everist M.M., Howard L.E., Aronson W.J., Kane C.J., Amling C.L., Cooperberg M.R., Terris M.K., Freedland S.J. Socioeconomic status, race, and long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy in an equal access health system: Results from the SEARCH database. Urol. Oncol. 2019;37:289.e11–289.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pagliarulo V. Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2018;1096:1–30. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99286-0_1. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources