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. 2022 Nov 22;19(23):15463.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315463.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Junior High School Students in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Manuel Maciel-Saldierna  1 , Emmanuel Elizondo-Hernández  1 , Gabino Cervantes-Guevara  2 , Enrique Cervantes-Pérez  3 , Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona  4 , Bertha Georgina Guzmán-Ramírez  5 , Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez  6 , Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano  6 , Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba  6 , Luis Rodrigo Cifuentes-Andrade  6 , Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez  6 , Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez  6 , Silvia Alejandra Ibarra-Camargo  6 , Mel Paul Mellado-Tellez  6 , Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho  6 , Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco  6 , Alejandro González-Ojeda  6
Affiliations

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Junior High School Students in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Manuel Maciel-Saldierna et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Confinement and a lack of social interaction are associated with depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts. We report the results of a cross-sectional survey of 1414 junior high school students. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in Guadalajara, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mean scores on the validated Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were found to be 6.15 ± 5.6 for depression, 5.8 ± 5.2 for anxiety, and 8.08 ± 5.3 for stress. Female students scored higher in all three conditions (p < 0.001). Students who had relatives infected with COVID-19 showed significantly more anxiety than those who did not (p < 0.004). Although certain demographic groups are at higher risk of manifesting depression, anxiety, and stress, the student population has also been affected by the global impact of the pandemic.

Keywords: adolescent; anxiety; depression; psychological assessment; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Survey flowchart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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