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. 2022 Nov 22;15(23):8300.
doi: 10.3390/ma15238300.

Corrosion and Wear Behavior of TiO2/TiN Duplex Coatings on Titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Gas Nitriding

Hassan Bakhtiari-Zamani  1 , Ehsan Saebnoori  1 , Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad  1 , Filippo Berto  2
Affiliations

Corrosion and Wear Behavior of TiO2/TiN Duplex Coatings on Titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Gas Nitriding

Hassan Bakhtiari-Zamani et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, corrosion and wear behavior of three kinds of coatings by two processes, namely, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings (Ti/TiO2), gas nitriding coating (Ti/TiN), and the duplex coating (Ti/TiO2-N) by combination of PEO and gas nitriding methods were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction tests, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and adhesion tests are employed for the coating characterization, along with the wear and electrochemical test for evaluating the corrosion and tribological properties. The morphology and structure of the coating consist of micro-cavities known as the pancake structure on the surface. The electrolytic plasma oxidation process produces a typical annealing behavior with a low friction coefficient based on the wear test. The coating consists of nitride and nitrate/oxides titanium for nitrided samples. The surface morphology of nitrided oxide titanium coating shows a slight change in the size of the crystals and the diameter of the cavities due to the influence of nitrogen in the titanium oxide coating. The tribological behavior of the coatings showed that the wear resistance of the duplex coating (Ti/TiO2-N) and Ti/TiO2 coatings is significantly higher compared to Ti/TiN coatings and uncoated Ti samples. The polarization resistance of the Ti/TiO2-N and Ti/TiO2 coatings was 632.2 and 1451.9 kΩ cm2, respectively. These values are considerably greater than that of the uncoated Ti (135.9 kΩ cm2). Likewise, impedance showed that the Ti/TiO2-N and Ti/TiO2 coatings demonstrate higher charge transfer resistance than that of other samples due to better insulating behavior and denser structure.

Keywords: adhesion; corrosion; gas nitriding; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO); tribological properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The V-t chart for the PEO process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The XRD patterns and SEM images of (b) bare sample, (c) TiO2 coated by PEO method, (d) TiN coated by gas nitriding, and (e) nitrided TiO2 coated sample (duplex coating).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The elemental distribution map of Ti/TiO2-N sample surface.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FE-SEM images of the surface morphology and cross-sectional images of the coated samples. (a,d) Ti/TiO2, (b,e) Ti/TiN, and (c,f) Ti/TiO2-N.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) The diagrams for friction coefficient changes versus slide distance and (b) weight loss for uncoated Ti alloy and Ti/TiO2, Ti/TiN, and Ti/TiO2-N coated samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Images of wear sites of samples: (a) uncoated Ti, (b) Ti/TiO2, (c) Ti/TiN, and (d) Ti/TiO2-N.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Linear profiles of wear depth of uncoated and coated samples, and (b) Depth micro-hardness profile obtained on the coated samples by PEO and gas nitriding.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves. (b) Nyquist and (c) Bode phase diagrams and proposed equivalent circuit for EIS results of bare and coated samples; (d) Ti and Ti/TiN; (e) Ti/TiO2-N; and (f) Ti/TiO2.
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