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. 2022 Dec 6;11(23):3397.
doi: 10.3390/plants11233397.

Cytotoxic Activities and Fingerprint Analysis of Triterpenes by HPTLC Technique for Distinguishing Ganoderma Species from Vietnam and other Asian Countries

Tran Viet Hung  1 , Phan Nguyen Truong Thang  1 , Ha Minh Hien  1 , Vu Thi Diep  2 , Nguyen Thi Thu  2 , Duong Minh Tan  3 , Duy Toan Pham  4 , Do Thi Ha  2 , Duyen Thi My Huynh  5
Affiliations

Cytotoxic Activities and Fingerprint Analysis of Triterpenes by HPTLC Technique for Distinguishing Ganoderma Species from Vietnam and other Asian Countries

Tran Viet Hung et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), commonly called Linhzhi, is traditionally employed in the treatment of human diseases, including hepatitis, liver disorders, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, bronchitis, and tumorigenic diseases. In this study, the fingerprint profiles of five different strains of G. lucidum originated from Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam, five samples of G. lucidum growing on Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. in Vietnam, and five related Linhzhi species (Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma australe, Ganoderma clossum, Ganoderma subresinosu, and Ganoderma sp.) were investigated for triterpene derivatives using high-pressure, thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The HPTLC fingerprint profiles demonstrated significant differences between G. lucidum and other related Linhzhi species in the presence of triterpene derivatives. Evaluation for the cytotoxicity of these samples against four cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF7, PC3, and HepG2, displayed various levels of cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of: 15.6-46.3 µg/mL on the A549 cancer cell line, of 18.4-43.6 µg/mL on the MCF7 cancer cell line, of 10.0-32.1 µg/mL on the PC3 cancer cell line, and of 10.6-27.6 µg/mL on the HepG2 cancer cell line. Conclusively, these data contributed to the literature on the cytotoxic activities and fingerprint analysis of triterpenes by the HPTLC technique for distinguishing Ganoderma species from Vietnam and other Asian countries.

Keywords: Ganoderma species; HPTLC fingerprint; cytotoxicity; triterpenoids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical constituents isolated from wild-collected Linhzhi in Vietnam.
Figure 2
Figure 2
HPTLC fluorescence images under the excitation wavelength of 366 nm. (A) 15 samples of Ganoderma species (G1–G15). (B) G1–G5 and 7 chemical reference substances (CRS): lucidenic acid N (1), ganodermanontriol (2), lucidenic acid E2 (3), ganoderiol F (4), lucidadiol (5), ganodermadiol (6), and ergosterol (7). (C) G6–G10 and 7 CRS. (D) G11–G15 and 7 CRS.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Typical HPTLC images and corresponding digital profiles of (A) G1–G5 and 7 chemical reference substances (CRS) of lucidenic acid N (1), ganodermanontriol (2), lucidenic acid E2 (3), ganoderiol F (4), lucidadiol (5), ganodermadiol (6), and ergosterol (7), (B) G6–G10 and 7 CRS, (C) G11–G15 and 7 CRS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The quantifiable comparison of 3D graphs of the HPTLC fingerprint of 15 Ganoderma species and CRS. (A) 15 samples of Ganoderma species (G1–G15). (B) G1–G5 and 7 CRS: lucidenic acid N (1), ganodermanontriol (2), lucidenic acid E2 (3), ganoderiol F (4), lucidadiol (5), ganodermadiol (6), and ergosterol (7). (C) G6–G10 and 7 CRS. (D) G11–G15 and 7 CRS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Ganoderma sample (G6, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. 1881), known locally as Natural Green Lim mushroom (Nấm Lim Xanh). Notes: (a–c) Fruit body, (d) spores (SEM), (e) planned layer, and (f) mushroom tube. Natural shape ruler = 2 cm, microscopic ruler = 2 μm, laminar ruler = 0.5 mm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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