Variability in lower extremity motor function in spina bifida only partially associated with spinal motor level

Abstract

Purpose: Previous studies have found motor function to correlate with spinal motor level and, accordingly, individuals with spina bifida are frequently categorized clinically in this manner. The aim of the current study was to describe how lower extremity functions including strength, selective motor control, and mirror movements vary by motor level in children and young adults with spina bifida.

Methods: A single center, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study using data collected in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry and by a gait laboratory was performed.

Results: Seventy-seven individuals with spina bifida were included with the majority having myelomeningocele (59 lumbar, 18 sacral motor level). Lower extremity strength and selective motor control varied to a certain extent with motor level. However, 90% of individuals showed strength or weakness in at least one muscle group that was unexpected based on their motor level. Mirror movements did not clearly vary with motor level.

Conclusion: Lower extremity strength, selective motor control, and mirror movements in individuals with spina bifida were not entirely predicted by motor level. This highlights the possible need for an improved spina bifida classification system that describes not only spinal motor level but more clearly defines a particular individual's functional motor abilities.

Keywords: Spina bifida; mirror movements; myelomeningocele; selective motor control; strength.