Exploratory Literature Review of the Role of National Public Health Institutes in COVID-19 Response

Abstract

To help explain the diversity of COVID-19 outcomes by country, research teams worldwide are studying national government response efforts. However, these attempts have not focused on a critical national authority that exists in half of the countries in the world: national public health institutes (NPHIs). NPHIs serve as an institutional home for public health systems and expertise and play a leading role in epidemic responses. To characterize the role of NPHIs in the COVID-19 response, we conducted a descriptive literature review that explored the research documented during March 2020-May 2021. We conducted a name-based search of 61 NPHIs in the literature, representing over half of the world's NPHIs. We identified 33 peer-reviewed and 300 gray articles for inclusion. We describe the most common NPHI-led COVID-19 activities that are documented and identify gaps in the literature. Our findings underscore the value of NPHIs for epidemic control and establish a foundation for primary research.

Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus disease; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease; national public health institutes; prevention and control; public health; respiratory infections; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; viruses; zoonoses.

Figure 1

Electronic database search conducted for literature review of the role of national public health institutes in COVID-19 response. Source: (18). WHO, World Health Organization.

Figure 2

Countries with International Association of National Public Health Institutes members searched and reviewed for literature review of the role of national public health institutes in COVID-19 response.