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. 2022 Nov 26;8(12):e11917.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11917. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Role of green synthesized platinum nanoparticles in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells (HCT-116)

Nouf M Alyami  1 , Rafa Almeer  1 , Hanadi M Alyami  2
Affiliations

Role of green synthesized platinum nanoparticles in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells (HCT-116)

Nouf M Alyami et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Progresses in the medicinal application of nanocompounds were accepted for the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles-based therapy is of benefit for effective biodistribution and specific targeting. The current study investigated the anticancer effect of green synthesized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) against colon cancer cells (HCT-116). Flow cytometry and ELISA techniques were employed for detecting apoptotic and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, PtNPs-lycopene (PtNPs-LP) on cell migration and invasion of HCT-116 cells was also examined. The PtNPs-LP was capable of diminishing cell proliferation and viability of HCT-116 cells in a dose-dependent mode. After treatment with PtNPs-LP, a significant increase in pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 and a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was observed in treated cells that subsequently released cytochrome C into its cytoplasm, initiating cell death. Moreover, PtNPs-LP induced excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in cancer cells. In conclusion, PtNPs-LP exerts an antitumor effect against colon cancer cells via mediating important mechanisms such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.

Keywords: Apoptosis; HCT-116 cells; Lycopene and cytotoxicity; Platinum nanoparticles; ROS.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characters of biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene. a) Zeta sizer b)Zeta potential c)FTIR d)XRD e)TEM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytotoxic effects evidenced by (a) decrease of cell viability and (b) LDH release effect of different concentrations of biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) on HCT-116 cells. # Indicates the significance compared to the control (P < 0.05) whereas, $ Indicates the significance compared to the cisplatin (P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cell death signaling [)a) Bax)b) caspase-3)c) cytochrome c)d) Bcl2] effects of different concentrations of biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) on HCT-116 cells. # Indicates the significance compared to the control (P < 0.05) whereas, $ Indicates the significance compared to the cisplatin (P < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cell cycle suppression effects of biosynthesized PtNPs using (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) on HCT-116 cells. # Indicates the significance compared to the control (P < 0.05) whereas, $ Indicates the significance compared to the cisplatin (P < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
HCT-116 cells migration and invasion after the treatments by biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) at different points of time compared to the control untreated cells.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Oxidant/anti-oxidant [)a) LPO)b) PC)c) NO)d) GSH] imbalance effects of different concentrations of biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) on HCT-116 cells. # Indicates the significance compared to the control (P < 0.05) whereas, $ Indicates the significance compared to the cisplatin (P < 0.05).
Figure 7
Figure 7
8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine concentration after treatment with different concentrations of biosynthesized PtNPs using lycopene (PtNPs-LP) and ciplatin (CP) on HCT-116 cells. # Indicates the significance compared to the control (P < 0.05) whereas, $ Indicates the significance compared to the cisplatin (P < 0.05).
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