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. 2023 Feb:156:113480.
doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113480. Epub 2022 Dec 2.

Vaccine supply chain management: An intelligent system utilizing blockchain, IoT and machine learning

Hui Hu  1   2 , Jiajun Xu  2 , Mengqi Liu  3 , Ming K Lim  4
Affiliations

Vaccine supply chain management: An intelligent system utilizing blockchain, IoT and machine learning

Hui Hu et al. J Bus Res. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Vaccination offers health, economic, and social benefits. However, three major issues-vaccine quality, demand forecasting, and trust among stakeholders-persist in the vaccine supply chain (VSC), leading to inefficiencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated weaknesses in the VSC, while presenting opportunities to apply digital technologies to manage it. For the first time, this study establishes an intelligent VSC management system that provides decision support for VSC management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The system combines blockchain, internet of things (IoT), and machine learning that effectively address the three issues in the VSC. The transparency of blockchain ensures trust among stakeholders. The real-time monitoring of vaccine status by the IoT ensures vaccine quality. Machine learning predicts vaccine demand and conducts sentiment analysis on vaccine reviews to help companies improve vaccine quality. The present study also reveals the implications for the management of supply chains, businesses, and government.

Keywords: BILSTM, Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory; Blockchain; CNN, Convolutional Neural Network; COVID-19 pandemic; DTs, Digital Technologies; GRU, Gate Recurrent Unit; IPFS, Interplanetary File System; Intelligent system; Internet of things; IoT, Internet of Things; LSTM, Long-Short Term Memory; Machine learning; RFID, Radio Frequency Identification; RNN, Recurrent Neural Network; VSC, Vaccine Supply Chain; Vaccine supply chain; dApp, Decentralized Application.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The framework of an intelligent vaccine supply chain management system based on digital technologies.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Vaccine demand forecasting based on three machine learning models.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Process for sentiment analysis of vaccine reviews.
Fig. A.1
Fig. A.1
Rating distribution in the training and testing sets.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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