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. 2022 Nov 23:13:1035684.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035684. eCollection 2022.

Potential distribution of three types of ephemeral plants under climate changes

Zhang Lan  1   2 , Liu Huiliang  1   3 , Zhang Hongxiang  1 , Chen Yanfeng  1   4 , Zhang Lingwei  5 , Kawushaer Kudusi  1 , Dilxadam Taxmamat  1 , Zhang Yuanming  1
Affiliations

Potential distribution of three types of ephemeral plants under climate changes

Zhang Lan et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Arid and semi-arid regions account for about 40% of the world's land surface area, and are the most sensitive areas to climate change, leading to a dramatic expansion of arid regions in recent decades. Ephemeral plants are crucial herbs in this area and are very sensitive to climate change, but it is still unclear which factors can determine the distribution of ephemeral plants and how the distribution of ephemeral plants responds to future climate change across the globe.

Aims: Understanding the impact of climate change on ephemeral plant distribution is crucial for sustainable biodiversity conservation.

Methods: This study explored the potential distribution of three types of ephemeral plants in arid and semi-arid regions (cold desert, hot desert, and deciduous forest) on a global scale using the MaxEnt software. We used species global occurrence data and 30 environmental factors in scientific collections.

Results: Our results showed that (1) the average value of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of each species was higher than 0.95, indicating that the MaxEnt model's simulation accuracy for each species was good; (2) distributions of cold desert and deciduous forest species were mainly determined by soil pH and annual mean temperature; the key factor that determines the distribution of hot desert species was precipitation of the driest month; and (3) the potential distribution of ephemeral plants in the cold desert was increased under one-third of climate scenarios; in the hot desert, the potential suitable distribution for Anastatica hierochuntica was decreased in more than half of the climate scenarios, but Trigonella arabica was increased in more than half of the climate scenarios. In deciduous forests, the ephemeral plant Crocus alatavicus decreased in nearly nine-tenths of climate scenarios, and Gagea filiformis was increased in 75% of climate scenarios.

Conclusions: The potential suitable distributions of ephemeral plants in the different ecosystems were closely related to their specific adaptation strategies. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the potential distribution pattern of some ephemeral plants in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

Keywords: MAXENT model; climate change; ephemeral plant; potential distribution; species distribution model.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Occurrence records of six ephemeral plants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Area under the curve values of six ephemeral plants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Potential suitable distribution habitat of six ephemeral plants under the current scenarios.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Potential suitable distribution habitat changes of six ephemeral plants under the current and 2021–2040 climate change scenarios (ssp 126, ssp 245, ssp 370, and ssp 585). TH, total suitable habitat; LH, lower suitable habitat; MH, moderately suitable habitat; HH, highly suitable habitat.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Potential suitable distribution habitat changes of six ephemeral plants under the current and 2041–2060 climate change scenarios (ssp 126, ssp 245, ssp 370, and ssp 585). TH, total suitable habitat; LH, lower suitable habitat; MH, moderately suitable habitat; HH, highly suitable habitat.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Potential suitable distribution habitat changes of six ephemeral plants under the current and 2061–2080 climate change scenarios (ssp 126, ssp 245, ssp 370, and ssp 585). TH, total suitable habitat; LH, lower suitable habitat; MH, moderately suitable habitat; HH, highly suitable habitat.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Potential suitable distribution habitat changes of six ephemeral plants under the current and 2081–2100 climate change scenarios (ssp 126, ssp 245, ssp 370, and ssp 585). TH, total suitable habitat; LH, lower suitable habitat; MH, moderately suitable habitat; HH, highly suitable habitat.
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