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. 2023 Mar;60(3):345-351.
doi: 10.1007/s00592-022-02011-w. Epub 2022 Dec 12.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-degree relatives

Cécile Monod  1 , Grammata Kotzaeridi  2 , Tina Linder  2 , Daniel Eppel  2 , Ingo Rosicky  2 , Valeria Filippi  1 , Andrea Tura  3 , Irene Hösli  1 , Christian S Göbl  4
Affiliations

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-degree relatives

Cécile Monod et al. Acta Diabetol. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

Aims: A family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) markedly increases an individual's lifetime risk of developing the disease. For gestational diabetes (GDM), this risk factor is less well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family history of T2DM in first- and second-degree relatives in women with GDM and the differences in metabolic characteristics at early gestation.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 1129 pregnant women. A broad risk evaluation was performed before 16 + 0 weeks of gestation, including a detailed family history of the different types of diabetes and a laboratory examination of glucometabolic parameters. Participants were followed up until delivery and GDM assessed according to the latest diagnosis criteria.

Results: We showed that pregnant women with first- (FHD1, 26.6%, OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.16 to 3.16, p = 0.005), second- (FHD2, 26.3%, OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.16 to 3.05, p = 0.005) or both first- and second-degree relatives with T2DM (FHD1 + D2, 33.3%, OR 2.64, 95%CI 1.41 to 4.94, p < 0.001) had a markedly increased risk of GDM compared to those with negative family history (FHN) (n = 100, 15.9%). The association was strongest if both parents were affected (OR 4.69, 95%CI 1.33 to 16.55, p = 0.009). Women with FHD1 and FHD1 + D2 had adverse glucometabolic profiles already in early pregnancy.

Conclusions: Family history of T2DM is an important risk factor for GDM, also by applying the current diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, we showed that the degree of kinship plays an essential role in quantifying the risk already at early pregnancy.

Keywords: Degree of kinship; Family history; Gestational diabetes; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Glucose levels during the OGTT in women without family history of type 2 diabetes (FHN), women with only second- (FHD1) and only first-degree relatives (FHD1) or with both (FHD1 + D2)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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