Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study

Markus M Müller¹, Eva Baillès², Jordi Blanch³, Xavier Torres⁴, Araceli Rousaud⁵, Silvia Cañizares⁶, Marta Cervera Teruel⁷, Chiara Conti⁸, Pádraic J Dunne⁹, Mihaela Fadgyas Stanculete¹⁰, Josep Maria Farré¹¹, Elena Font¹², Elena Gayán¹³, Maria Teresa Guagnano¹⁴, Sarah König¹⁵, Nina Kundinger¹⁶, Roberta Lanzara¹⁷, Antonio Lobo¹⁸, Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa¹⁹, Amadeu Obach²⁰, Gozie Offiah²¹, Josep Maria Peri²², Ilenia Rosa²³, Sara Katharina Schuster²⁴, Christiane Waller²⁵, Barbara Stein²⁶; Cope-Corona Study Group²⁷

Affiliations

¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: markus.mueller@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: ebailles@gmail.com.
³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: JBLANCH@clinic.cat.
⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: XTORRES@clinic.cat.
⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: arousaud@clinic.cat.
⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: SCANIZAR@clinic.cat.
⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: martacervera97@gmail.com.
⁸ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: cconti@unich.it.
⁹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: PadraicDunne@rcsi.ie.
¹⁰ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: mihaela.fadgyas@umfcluj.ro.
¹¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: jmfarremarti@gmail.com.
¹² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: EFONT@clinic.cat.
¹³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: egayanx@gmail.com.
¹⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: guagnano@unich.it.
¹⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: sarahmkoenig97@googlemail.com.
¹⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: Nina.Kundinger@stud.ku.de.
¹⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: roberta.lanzara@uniroma1.it.
¹⁸ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: alobosat@gmail.com.
¹⁹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: nejatisafa@tums.ac.ir.
²⁰ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: AOBACH@clinic.cat.
²¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: gozieoffiah@rcsi.com.
²² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: JMPERI@clinic.cat.
²³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: ilenia.rosa@uniroma1.it.
²⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: Sara.Schuster@stud.ku.de.
²⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: christiane.waller@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
²⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: barbara.stein@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
²⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany.

PMID: 36508846
PMCID: PMC9677553
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111102

Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study

Markus M Müller et al. J Psychosom Res. 2023 Jan.

. 2023 Jan:164:111102.

doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111102. Epub 2022 Nov 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: markus.mueller@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: ebailles@gmail.com.
³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: JBLANCH@clinic.cat.
⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: XTORRES@clinic.cat.
⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: arousaud@clinic.cat.
⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: SCANIZAR@clinic.cat.
⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: martacervera97@gmail.com.
⁸ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: cconti@unich.it.
⁹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: PadraicDunne@rcsi.ie.
¹⁰ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: mihaela.fadgyas@umfcluj.ro.
¹¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: jmfarremarti@gmail.com.
¹² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: EFONT@clinic.cat.
¹³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: egayanx@gmail.com.
¹⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: guagnano@unich.it.
¹⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: sarahmkoenig97@googlemail.com.
¹⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: Nina.Kundinger@stud.ku.de.
¹⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: roberta.lanzara@uniroma1.it.
¹⁸ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: alobosat@gmail.com.
¹⁹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: nejatisafa@tums.ac.ir.
²⁰ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: AOBACH@clinic.cat.
²¹ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: gozieoffiah@rcsi.com.
²² Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: JMPERI@clinic.cat.
²³ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: ilenia.rosa@uniroma1.it.
²⁴ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: Sara.Schuster@stud.ku.de.
²⁵ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: christiane.waller@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
²⁶ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: barbara.stein@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
²⁷ Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg, Germany.

PMID: 36508846
PMCID: PMC9677553
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111102

Erratum in

Corrigendum to "Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study" [Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 164, January 2023, 111102].
Müller MM, Baillès E, Blanch J, Torres X, Rousaud A, Cañizares S, Teruel MC, Conti C, Dunne PJ, Stanculete MF, Farr'e JM, Font E, Gayán E, Guagnano MT, König S, Kundinger N, Lanzara R, Lobo A, Nejatisafa AA, Obach A, Offiah G, Peri JM, Rosa I, Schuster SK, Waller C, Stein B; Cope-Corona Study Group. Müller MM, et al. J Psychosom Res. 2023 Apr;167:111205. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111205. Epub 2023 Mar 2. J Psychosom Res. 2023. PMID: 36870855 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Objective: Long-term changes in burnout and its predictors in hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in an international study.

Methods: Two online surveys were distributed to hospital staff in seven countries (Germany, Andorra, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Romania, Iran) between May and October 2020 (T1) and between February and April 2021 (T2), using the following variables: Burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), job function, age, gender, and contact with COVID-19 patients; individual resources (self-compassion, sense of coherence, social support) and work-related resources and demands (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace, altruistic acceptance of risk). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models repeated measures, controlled for age.

Results: A total of 612 respondents were included (76% women). We found an increase in burnout from T1 to T2. Burnout was high among personnel with high contact with COVID-19 patients. Individual factors (self-compassion, sense of coherence) and work-related factors (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace) showed associations with burnout. Low health and safety at the workplace at T1 was associated with an increase in emotional exhaustion at T2. Men showed an increase in depersonalization if they had much contact with COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: Burnout represents a potential problematic consequence of occupational contact with COVID-19 patients. Special attention should be paid to this group in organizational health management. Self-compassion, sense of coherence, support at the workplace, risk perception, and health and safety at the workplace may be important starting points for interventions.

Registration: Müller, M. M. (2020, August 30). Cope-Corona: Identifying and strengthening personal resources of hospital staff to cope with the Corona pandemic. Open Science Foundation.

Keywords: Burnout; COVID-19; Hospital staff; Job demands resources model; Longitudinal survey.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no competing interests to report.

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Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study

Affiliations

Burnout among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal results from the international Cope-Corona survey study

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous