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. 2023 Jan:92:106257.
doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106257. Epub 2022 Dec 7.

Probing the impact of sustainable emerging sonication and DBD plasma technologies on the quality of wheat sprouts juice

Muhammad Faisal Manzoor  1 , Abid Hussain  2 , Gulden Goksen  3 , Murtaza Ali  1 , Anees Ahmed Khalil  4 , Xin-An Zeng  5 , Anet Režek Jambrak  6 , Jose Manuel Lorenzo  7
Affiliations

Probing the impact of sustainable emerging sonication and DBD plasma technologies on the quality of wheat sprouts juice

Muhammad Faisal Manzoor et al. Ultrason Sonochem. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Sonication and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma are sustainable emerging food processing technologies. The study investigates the impact of sonication, DBD-plasma, and thermal treatment (TT) on wheat sprout juice. The obtained results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in chlorophyll, total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH assay, and ORAC assay after DBD-plasma (40 V) and sonication (30 mins) treatment as compared to TT and untreated samples. Both emerging technologies significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, but the TT sample had the highest reduction. Moreover, the synergistic application of both technologies significantly reduced the E. coli/Coliform, aerobics, yeast and mold up to the 2 log reduction, but the TT sample had a complete reduction. DBD-plasma and sonication processing significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the particle size, reducing apparent viscosity (η) and consistency index (K); while increasing the flow behavior (n), leading to higher stability of wheat sprout juice. To assess the impact of emerging techniques on nutrient concentration, we used surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an emerging method. Silver-coated gold nano-substrates were used to compare the nutritional concentration of wheat sprout juice treated with sonication, DBD-plasma, and TT-treated samples. Results showed sharp peaks for samples treated with DBD-plasma followed by sonication, untreated, and TT. The obtained results, improved quality of wheat sprout juice, and lower microbial and enzymatic loads were confirmed, showing the suitability of these sustainable processing techniques for food processing and further research.

Keywords: DBD-plasma; Flow behavior; Juice; Non-destructive measurement; Sonication; Wheat sprouts.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Seeds selection, seeds germination, seeds spreading in trays, grown-up sprouts, lush green sprouts, and extraction of wheat sprout juice. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(Left) DBD plasma, and (Right) Sonication bath cleaner apparatus used for the study.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Impact of DBD plasma, sonication, and TT treatment on the (A) POD and PPO activities and (B) particle size of wheat sprouts juice. UT: untreated, TT: thermal-treated, S-10, S-20, S-30, and S-40: Sonication for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min, respectively. CP-30, CP-35, CP-40, and CP-45: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma treated at 30, 35, 40, and 45 kV.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Impact of sonication, DBD-plasma, and TT treatments on the (A) apparent viscosity and (B) flow behavior of wheat sprout juice. UT: untreated, TT: thermal-treated, S-10, S-20, S-30, and S-40: Sonication for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min, respectively. CP-30, CP-35, CP-40, and CP-45: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma treated at 30, 35, 40, and 45 kV.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
High-resolution TEM (A), HDDF STEM (B), EDS elemental mapping of Au (C), Ag (D) and Ag@AuNPs (E) and DLS (F) of prepared nanomaterials.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
(A) Raman spectra of wheat spout juice treated with DBD-plasma at different voltages (A), and sonication at different treatment times UT: untreated, TT: thermal-treated, S-10, S-20, S-30, and S-40: Sonication for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min, respectively. CP-30, CP-35, CP-40, and CP-45: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma treated at 30, 35, 40, and 45 kV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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