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. 2022 Dec 14;17(12):e0278866.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278866. eCollection 2022.

Local seed sourcing for sustainable forestry

Ricardo Alía  1 , Eduardo Notivol  2 , José Climent  1 , Felipe Pérez  3 , Diana Barba  1 , Juan Majada  4 , José Manuel García Del Barrio  1
Affiliations

Local seed sourcing for sustainable forestry

Ricardo Alía et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Seed sourcing strategies are the basis for identifying genetic material meeting the requirements of future climatic conditions and social demands. Specifically, local seed sourcing has been extensively promoted, based on the expected adaptation of the populations to local conditions, but there are some limitations for the application. We analyzed Strict-sense local and Wide-sense local (based on climatic similarity) seed sourcing strategies. We determined species and genetic pools based on these strategies for 40 species and deployment zones in Spain. We also obtained the total number of seed sources and stands for these species in the EU countries. We analyzed the richness of the pools, the relationship with variables related to the use of the species in afforestation, and the availability of seed production areas approved for the production of reproductive material destined to be marketed. This study confirms the existence of extensive species and genetic local pools. Also, that the importance of these pools differs for different species, limitations being derived from the use of forest reproductive material and the existence of approved basic materials. Strategies derived from local seed sourcing approaches are the basis for the use of forest reproductive material because a large number of the species in the area considered in the study are under regulation. However, despite the extensive work done to approve basic materials, limitations based on the availability of seed production areas to provide local material for sustainable forestry are found in those species. Considering a Wide-sense local seed sourcing strategy we provide alternative pools in order to meet social demands under the actual regulations on marketing of reproductive materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Richness of pools for Strict-sense and Wide-sense local seed-sourcing strategies for the species (a, b), genetic (c, d) and available genetic pools (e, f). BDLJE CC-BY 4.0 ign.es, DR miteco.gob.es.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Biplot of the two first components of a CCA analysis on variables related to the seed sourcing pools and variables related to the use of reproductive material for each of the 40 studied species.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Basic material in the EU for the 40 analyzed species.
SPA: harmonic mean of number of seed production areas by country; BM_improved: harmonic mean of number of basic material for qualified and tested categories. Color triangles: Proportional representation of different source categories of forest reproduction material (yellow triangles are identified, green ones are selected, pink ones are qualified and blue ones are tested). Source of basic material: www.forematis.eu. Political map of Europe: https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Political_Map_of_Europe-en.svg. CC BY 4.0.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Comparison of basic material in EU regions.
SP_Forematis: number of species for each country with approved basic materials; SP_SPA: number of species for each country with basic materials included in this study; SPA: harmonic mean of number of SPA; SP_improved: number of species for each country with approved basic material for the production of qualified and tested reproductive material (excluding clones and parent of families), BM_improved: harmonic mean of number of basic material for the production of qualified and tested reproductive material. Anova F-test and significance level (α) is included for each of the variables analyzed. Source www.forematis.eu. CC-BY 4.0.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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