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. 2022 Nov 29:10:e14392.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.14392. eCollection 2022.

The morphology of the pulp chamber floor of permanent mandibular first and second molars in an Indian subpopulation-a descriptive cross-sectional study employing Pawar and Singh classification

Ajinkya M Pawar  1   2 , Shishir Singh  1
Affiliations

The morphology of the pulp chamber floor of permanent mandibular first and second molars in an Indian subpopulation-a descriptive cross-sectional study employing Pawar and Singh classification

Ajinkya M Pawar et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Background: Mandibular molars are multi-rooted teeth with a complex and strenuous root canal anatomy. Because there is relatively negligible literature describing the pulp chamber floor anatomy, predicting the exact anatomical layout and its variations is daunting. A thorough comprehension and knowledge of the same is required for efficacious endodontic treatment consequence. The purpose of this study was to characterise and ascertain the pulp chamber floor anatomy of permanent mandibular first (ManFMs) and second (ManSMs) molars in an Indian population.

Methods: On 2,134 extracted human mandibular first (ManFMs = 1,067) and second molars (ManSMs = 1,067), a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was executed. Cleaning and removal of hard and soft tissue debris were performed, followed by flattening the anatomical crown until the pupal architecture was uncovered. A stereomicroscope with a magnification of 4.5 magnification was used to investigate the pulpal anatomy. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi square test, with 95% confidence intervals and a p value of 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The majority of the ManFMs showed presence of three canal orifices in 57.73%, followed by four orifices 31.31%, five orifices 8.81%, and six orifices 2.15%. For ManSMs, majorly three orifices were found in 39.83% specimens, followed by two orifices in 37.39%, four orifices in 16.31%, and single root canal orifice was observed in 6.47%. The mesio-buccal, mesio-lingual, disto-buccal, disto-lingual canal orifices exhibited round and oval shapes in both ManFMs and ManSMs. The shape was predominantly oval with a single distal canal orifice (84.25% ManFMs and 74.16% ManSMs). In ManSMs, among the single root canal orifice, 66.66% were round in shape and 33.34% were C-shaped. In ManSMs with two root canal orifices, mesially 79.44% exhibited oval and 20.56% round shape. Distally, 74.16% were oval and 25.84% were round. The shapes of the access cavities for ManFMs were rectangular in 46.67% and triangular in 53.33%. For the ManSMs, the access cavities were triangular in 39.83%, rectangular in 16.31% and non-classified (others) in 43.86% of specimen. In both ManFMs and ManSMs, the pulp chamber floor morphology was predominately Y shaped (57.73% and 39.83%) according to the Pawar and Singh classification© of pulp chamber floor anatomy.

Conclusion: Our study indicated that the orifices on the pulp chamber floor are arranged in a typical manner, supporting the proposed categorization. Furthermore, description of the anatomical patterns of the pulp chamber guides the clinicians in chair-side treatment decisions.

Keywords: Canal orifices; Mandibular molars; Morphology; Pawar and Singh classification©; Pulp chamber floor anatomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ajinkya M. Pawar is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the Pawar and Singh classification© for mandibular molars (A) “H” type, (B) “Y” type, and (C) “I” type.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Number of root canal orifices seen in mandibular first molars.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Number of root canal orifices seen in mandibular second molars.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Schematic presentation of the evaluation of the root canal orifice for round and oval shapes.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Shapes of the root canal orifices (A) round root canal orifices, (B) oval root canal orifices.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Shape of the pulp access cavities.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Shape of the root canal orifices anatomy according to Pawar and Singh classification (A) “H” type, (B) “Y” type, and (C) “I” type.
Figure 8
Figure 8. Shape of the root canal orifices anatomy according to Pawar and Singh classification “Others” type.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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