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Review
. 2022 Nov 28:13:1065894.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1065894. eCollection 2022.

Understanding the research advances on lumpy skin disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence

Zhengji Liang  1 , Kaishen Yao  1 , Shasha Wang  1 , Juanbin Yin  1 , Xiaoqin Ma  1 , Xiangping Yin  1 , Xiangwei Wang  1 , Yuefeng Sun  1
Affiliations
Review

Understanding the research advances on lumpy skin disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence

Zhengji Liang et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which can induce cattle with high fever and extensive nodules on the mucosa or the scarfskin, seriously influencing the cattle industry development and international import and export trade. Since 2013, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the Russia and Asia. In the past few decades, progress has been made in the study of LSDV. It is mainly transmitted by blood-sucking insects, and various modes of transmission with distinct seasonality. Figuring out how the virus spreads will help eradicate LSDV at its source. In the event of an outbreak, selecting the most effective vaccine to block and eliminate the threat posed by LSDV in a timely manner is the main choice for farmers and authorities. At present, a variety of vaccines for LSDV have been developed. The available vaccine products vary in quality, protection rate, safety and side effects. Early detection of LSDV can help reduce the cost of disease. In addition, because LSDV has a huge genome, it is currently also used as a vaccine carrier, forming a new complex with other viral genes through homologous recombination. The vaccine prepared based on this can have a certain preventive effect on many kinds of diseases. Clinical detection of disease including nucleic acid and antigen level. Each method varies in convenience, accuracy, cost, time and complexity of equipment. This article reviews our current understanding of the mode of transmission of LSDV and advances in vaccine types and detection methods, providing a background for further research into various aspects of LSDV in the future.

Keywords: diagnosis; epidemiology; etiology; lumpy skin disease; lumpy skin disease virus; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The prediction diagram of LSDV structure mode. Mature virion of LSDV (MV), sometimes mature virion is surrounded by a lipid membrane derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (EV). The surface of the virus is envelope, which contains some entry-fusion complex. The virus contains lateral body, capsid and core. The surface of the EV has many surface microtubules.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The disease originated in Africa and subsequently spread to European and Asian countries. The transmission route is based on the time and location of LSD which reported by the OIE in the past two decades. https://wahis.woah.org/#/dashboards/country-or-disease-dashboard/ (accessed 26 September 2022).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diagram of the transmission modes of lumpy skin disease. This picture shows the propagation mode of LSDV more intuitively. Each infection mode corresponds to the one which was introduced in the article.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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