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. 2022 Dec 15;22(1):608.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02656-7.

Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study

Mostafa A Tageldin  1 , Yomna M Yacout  2 , Eiman S Marzouk  2
Affiliations

Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study

Mostafa A Tageldin et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cephalometric and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients, and to compare the findings to a matched control group without tooth agenesis, excluding third molars, from the same population.

Methods: The pre-orthodontic records of 72 non-growing patients, who were treated at the Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, were used to address the aim of this retrospective study. Patients having unilateral or bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, with no history of previous orthodontic treatment, congenital craniofacial malformations, facial trauma, or surgeries were divided into two test groups based on the pattern of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis (group I: unilateral (UMLIA), group II: bilateral (BMLIA)). A control group (group III (CTRL)) having a complete set of permanent dentition (excluding third molars), and having no dental anomalies was age-matched with the test groups. Measurements were performed on the pre-orthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs and the pre-orthodontic digital dental casts. The measured variables were compared between the groups using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests according to the normality of the variable. In case of significant results, both tests were followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance level. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results: BMLIA group showed a smaller SNA angle and maxillary length, a more negative ANB angle and Wits appraisal, and a larger Maxillo-mandibular differential than UMLIA and/or CTRL group. The dental and soft tissue cephalometric measurements did not show any significant differences between the groups. Dentoalveolar cast measurements showed that BMLIA patients presented with significantly smaller maxillary inter-canine width than UMLIA and CTRL patients.

Conclusions: Cephalometric analysis has shown that subjects with BMLIA have a statistically significant reduced ANB and maxillary length. Tooth eruption may play a role in the development of the maxillary arch.

Keywords: Cephalometrics; Congenitally missing teeth; Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks and measurements: (1) SNA; (2) SNB; (3) ANB; (4) Co-A; (5) Co-Gn; (6) wits appraisal; (7) facial angle; (8) mandibular plane angle; (9) U1/NA angle; (10) U1/NA distance; (11) L1/NB angle; (12) L1/NB distance; (13) U1/FH; (14) L1/Md plane; (15) Nasolabial angle; (16) U lip/E-line; (17) L lip/E-line. (See Table 2 for definitions of the measured parameters)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Maxillary and mandibular dento-alveolar cast measurements. (See Table 3 for abbreviations)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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