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Review
. 2022 Nov 29:10:1054370.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1054370. eCollection 2022.

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regenerative medicine

Meng Liu  1 , Xin Liu  2 , Yuting Su  3 , Shijie Li  1 , Yuan Chen  1 , Anqi Liu  1 , Jing Guo  1 , Kun Xuan  1 , Xinyu Qiu  1
Affiliations
Review

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regenerative medicine

Meng Liu et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with differentiation potential and paracrine properties, drawing significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies (ABs), are predominantly endosomal in origin and contain bioactive molecules, such as miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins, which are transferred from their original cells to target cells. Recently it has emerged that MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) combine the advantages of MSCs and EVs, which may be used as a promising MSC-based therapy in tissue repair and regeneration. Oral and craniomaxillofacial diseases are clinically complications containing the soft and hard tissues in craniofacial and dental arches. These diseases are often induced by various factors, such as chemical, microbiological, physical factors, and systemic disorders. For decades, tissue repair and regeneration in oral and craniomaxillofacial regions provide substantial improvements in the prevention and treatment of some severe diseases. In this review we discuss MSC-EVs and their therapeutic potential in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regenerative medicine.

Keywords: extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stem cells; oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic diagram of the process of secretory cells secreting three kinds of EVs and the process of target cells receiving three kinds of vesicles. AB, apoptotic bodies; Exo, exosome; MV, Microvesicles; MVB, multivesicular bodies.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) Oral and craniomaxillofacial tissues. (B) EVs in intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport bioactive molecules like miRNAs to regulate gene expression of target cells, affecting cell life activities, such as angiogenesis and cell cycle. (C) EVs in immunomodulation. EVs containing immunomodulating factors are transferred into macrophages to induce M2 polarization and thus inhibit inflammation. (D) EVs in targeted delivery system. EVs bind to target cells through the receptor-ligand system on the membranes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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