Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild2

Noriyuki Kawasaki¹, Kazuhide Nagashima², Naoya Sakamoto³, Toru Matsumoto^{4

5}, Ken-Ichi Bajo¹, Sohei Wada¹, Yohei Igami⁵, Akira Miyake⁵, Takaaki Noguchi⁵, Daiki Yamamoto⁶, Sara S Russell⁷, Yoshinari Abe⁸, Jérôme Aléon⁹, Conel M O'D Alexander¹⁰, Sachiko Amari^{11

12}, Yuri Amelin¹³, Martin Bizzarro¹⁴, Audrey Bouvier¹⁵, Richard W Carlson¹⁰, Marc Chaussidon¹⁶, Byeon-Gak Choi¹⁷, Nicolas Dauphas¹⁸, Andrew M Davis¹⁸, Tommaso Di Rocco¹⁹, Wataru Fujiya²⁰, Ryota Fukai²¹, Ikshu Gautam⁶, Makiko K Haba⁶, Yuki Hibiya²², Hiroshi Hidaka²³, Hisashi Homma²⁴, Peter Hoppe²⁵, Gary R Huss², Kiyohiro Ichida²⁶, Tsuyoshi Iizuka²⁷, Trevor R Ireland²⁸, Akira Ishikawa⁶, Motoo Ito²⁹, Shoichi Itoh⁵, Noriko T Kita³⁰, Kouki Kitajima³⁰, Thorsten Kleine³¹, Shintaro Komatani²⁶, Alexander N Krot², Ming-Chang Liu^{32

33}, Yuki Masuda⁶, Kevin D McKeegan³², Mayu Morita²⁶, Kazuko Motomura³⁴, Frédéric Moynier¹⁶, Izumi Nakai³⁵, Ann Nguyen³⁶, Larry Nittler¹⁰, Morihiko Onose²⁶, Andreas Pack¹⁹, Changkun Park³⁷, Laurette Piani³⁸, Liping Qin³⁹, Maria Schönbächler⁴⁰, Lauren Tafla³², Haolan Tang³², Kentaro Terada⁴¹, Yasuko Terada⁴², Tomohiro Usui²⁰, Meenakshi Wadhwa⁴³, Richard J Walker⁴⁴, Katsuyuki Yamashita⁴⁵, Qing-Zhu Yin⁴⁶, Tetsuya Yokoyama⁶, Shigekazu Yoneda⁴⁷, Edward D Young³², Hiroharu Yui⁴⁸, Ai-Cheng Zhang⁴⁹, Tomoki Nakamura⁵⁰, Hiroshi Naraoka⁵¹, Ryuji Okazaki⁵¹, Kanako Sakamoto²¹, Hikaru Yabuta⁵², Masanao Abe²¹, Akiko Miyazaki²¹, Aiko Nakato²¹, Masahiro Nishimura²¹, Tatsuaki Okada²¹, Toru Yada²¹, Kasumi Yogata²¹, Satoru Nakazawa²¹, Takanao Saiki²¹, Satoshi Tanaka²¹, Fuyuto Terui⁵³, Yuichi Tsuda²¹, Sei-Ichiro Watanabe²³, Makoto Yoshikawa²¹, Shogo Tachibana⁵⁴, Hisayoshi Yurimoto^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
² Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
³ Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
⁴ The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
⁵ Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
⁷ Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
⁸ Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan.
⁹ Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7590, IRD, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁰ Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
¹¹ McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
¹² Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹³ Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China.
¹⁴ Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark.
¹⁵ Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
¹⁶ Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁷ Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
¹⁸ Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
¹⁹ Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
²⁰ Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
²¹ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²² Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
²³ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
²⁴ Osaka Application Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan.
²⁵ Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
²⁶ Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁸ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
²⁹ Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
³⁰ Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³¹ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
³² Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³³ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
³⁴ Thermal Analysis, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan.
³⁵ Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
³⁶ Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
³⁷ Division of Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
³⁸ Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France.
³⁹ School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China,, Anhui 230026, China.
⁴⁰ Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
⁴² Spectroscopy and Imaging, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
⁴³ School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
⁴⁵ Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁴⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
⁴⁸ Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
⁴⁹ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁵⁰ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
⁵¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
⁵² Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁵³ Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
⁵⁴ Tokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

PMID: 36525483
PMCID: PMC9757743
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2067

Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild2

Noriyuki Kawasaki et al. Sci Adv. 2022.

. 2022 Dec 16;8(50):eade2067.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2067. Epub 2022 Dec 16.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
² Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
³ Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
⁴ The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
⁵ Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
⁷ Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
⁸ Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan.
⁹ Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7590, IRD, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁰ Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
¹¹ McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
¹² Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹³ Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China.
¹⁴ Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark.
¹⁵ Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
¹⁶ Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁷ Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
¹⁸ Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
¹⁹ Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
²⁰ Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
²¹ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²² Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
²³ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
²⁴ Osaka Application Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan.
²⁵ Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
²⁶ Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁸ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
²⁹ Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
³⁰ Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³¹ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
³² Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³³ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
³⁴ Thermal Analysis, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan.
³⁵ Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
³⁶ Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
³⁷ Division of Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
³⁸ Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France.
³⁹ School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China,, Anhui 230026, China.
⁴⁰ Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
⁴² Spectroscopy and Imaging, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
⁴³ School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
⁴⁵ Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁴⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
⁴⁸ Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
⁴⁹ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁵⁰ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
⁵¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
⁵² Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁵³ Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
⁵⁴ Tokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

PMID: 36525483
PMCID: PMC9757743
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2067

Abstract

The extraterrestrial materials returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu consist predominantly of low-temperature aqueously formed secondary minerals and are chemically and mineralogically similar to CI (Ivuna-type) carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we show that high-temperature anhydrous primary minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites exhibit a bimodal distribution of oxygen isotopic compositions: ¹⁶O-rich (associated with refractory inclusions) and ¹⁶O-poor (associated with chondrules). Both the ¹⁶O-rich and ¹⁶O-poor minerals probably formed in the inner solar protoplanetary disk and were subsequently transported outward. The abundance ratios of the ¹⁶O-rich to ¹⁶O-poor minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites are higher than in other carbonaceous chondrite groups but are similar to that of comet 81P/Wild2, suggesting that Ryugu and CI chondrites accreted in the outer Solar System closer to the accretion region of comets.

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Figures

**Fig. 1.. Histograms of Δ¹⁷O for olivine grains.**
Chondrule olivine in (A) CV chondrite Kaba [data from (16)], (B) CM chondrite Murchison [data from (15)], (C) CO chondrite Yamato 81020 [data from (14)], and (D) ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094 [data from (13)]. Isolated olivine grains in (E) CI chondrites Ivuna and Orgueil [previous studies: data from (4, 6)], (F) CI chondrites Ivuna and Alais [previous study: data from (7)], (G) Ryugu [previous study: data from (8)], (H) Ryugu (this study), (I) Ivuna (this study), (J) comet 81P/Wild2 [data from (, –60)], and (K) ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Tagish Lake [data from (49)]. Magnesium-rich olivine (Mg# > 97) is shown as orange and Mg-poor olivine (Mg# < 97) in blue, except for (F) and (G) because their chemical compositions are not fully available. Bin sizes of (E) and (J) correspond to their analytical uncertainties. Note that Mg-poor olivine peaks in Yamato 81020 (C) and Acfer 094 (D) may be enhanced because these studies selectively measured Fe-rich ones from the polished sections. The olivine grains with low Δ¹⁷O are most likely related to refractory inclusions (CAIs and AOAs), while those with high Δ¹⁷O are related to chondrules. L1997, Leshin *et al.* (4); P2020, Piralla *et al.* (6); M2022, Morin *et al.* (7); N2022, Nakamura *et al.* (8).

**Fig. 2.. Occurrences of anhydrous primary minerals in Ryugu sample.**
(A) BSE image of primary mineral-rich clast. (B) Combined x-ray elemental map of (A) using Mg Kα, Ca Kα, and Al Kα lines assigned for RGB color channels. (C) Combined x-ray elemental map of (A) using Fe Kα, S Kα, and O Kα lines assigned for RGB color channels. BSE images of (D) and (E) olivine and (F) Mg-Al spinel. The olivine grains (D and E) are located in the clast shown in (A) to (C). Their O isotopic compositions (Δ¹⁷O) are (D) −24‰, (E) −4‰, and (F) −23‰, respectively. Al-Sp, Mg-Al spinel; Bru, breunnerite; Cal, calcite; Dol, dolomite; FeS, Fe-sulfide; Mag, magnetite; Ol, olivine; Po, pyrrhotite; Px, low-Ca pyroxene.

**Fig. 3.. Oxygen isotopic compositions of anhydrous primary minerals.**
(A and B) Ryugu. (C and D) Ivuna. Data are listed in tables S2 and S3 and data S1. Duplicate analyses for each grain showed identical value (within uncertainty of our measurements), suggesting homogeneous O isotopic compositions within grain. Therefore, each point corresponds to a single grain. Errors correspond to 2σ. TF, terrestrial fractionation line; CCAM, carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line; PCM, primitive chondrule mineral line.

**Fig. 4.. Refractory inclusions in Ivuna.**
(A and B) BSE images and (C and D) combined x-ray elemental maps of using Mg Kα, Ca Kα, and Al Kα lines assigned for RGB color channels of (A and C) AOA and (B and D) spinel-olivine inclusion from Ivuna. Oxygen isotopic compositions of individual minerals in (E) the AOA and (F) the spinel-olivine inclusion. Errors correspond to 2σ. An, anorthite; Di, diopside; Dol, dolomite; Ol, olivine; G, gold coating residue.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild2

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Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild2

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