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. 2022 Dec 1;30(4):589-602.
doi: 10.1891/JNM-D-21-00016.

Measurement Invariance Across Sex and Time of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale

Ekaterina Burduli  1 , Celestina Barbosa-Leiker  2 , Victoria Sattler  2 , Jordan Vossen  3
Affiliations

Measurement Invariance Across Sex and Time of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale

Ekaterina Burduli et al. J Nurs Meas. .

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) is widely used to compare depressive symptoms across sex, and change in depression over time, yet measurement invariance has not been demonstrated. Methods: Multiple-groups and longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis assessed measurement invariance of the CES-D in a sample of 697 Spokane Heart Study participants. Results: Findings demonstrated partial measurement invariance across sex of the CES-D across both time points with men having significantly lower depression levels than women at time one (z = -3.62, p < .01) and time two (z = -4.06, p < .01), and full temporal measurement invariance with stable levels of depression over time (z = 0.85, p = .39). Conclusions: Validity of the CES-D to compare depression across sex and time is supported.

Keywords: CES-D; Depression; Measurement Invariance.

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