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. 2023 Jan;37(1):244-247.
doi: 10.1038/s41375-022-01787-8. Epub 2022 Dec 17.

COVID-19 vaccine boosted immunity against Omicron in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Dragana Milojkovic #  1 , Catherine J Reynolds #  2 , Diana Mūnoz Sandoval #  2 , Franziska P Pieper  2 , Siyi Liu  2 , Corinna Pade  3 , Joseph M Gibbons  3 , Áine McKnight  3 , Sandra Loaiza  4 , Renuka Palanicawander  4 , Andrew J Innes  4 , Simone Claudiani  4 , Jane F Apperley  1 , Daniel M Altmann  1 , Rosemary J Boyton  5   6
Affiliations

COVID-19 vaccine boosted immunity against Omicron in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Dragana Milojkovic et al. Leukemia. 2023 Jan.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

RJB and DMA are members of the Global T cell Expert Consortium and have consulted for Oxford Immunotec outside the submitted work. DMA has received payment as a member of the AstraZeneca Long Covid Advisory Board and the Pfizer COVID-19 digital toolkit development. DM has received honoraria from Novartis, BMS, Incyte and Pfizer outside the submitted work. JFA has received research funding from Novartis and Pfizer and honoraria from Incyte outside the submitted work. DM received research funding from Incyte for the submitted work. Otherwise, the authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. T and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen after COVID-19 vaccination in CML patients receiving TKI treatment and age/sex matched healthy controls.
A Graphic summary of the COVAX study cohort follow up at several timepoints after the first, second and third dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this prospective, longitudinal investigation of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in clinically stable CML patients taking TKI treatment and age/sex matched healthy controls. The table reports demographic data, vaccination history, molecular response and TKI treatments across the groups. B T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral spike mapped epitope peptide (MEP) pool and (C) serum Ab titer against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD at different timepoints following first, second and third COVID-19 vaccination dose in healthy control donors (blue, n = 6–34) and CML patients taking TKI treatment (purple, n = 19–60). T cell responses were measured by IFNγ ELISpot and serum Ab titers were assayed by IgG ELISA. The number of individuals in each group at each timepoint making a positive response to peptide pool or with a positive Ab titer is shown above each plot. Horizontal bars depict geometric mean. Individuals who became infected by SARS-CoV-2 during follow-up are shown as open circles. D–G Data from study participants in the top (healthy control, blue, n = 6 and TKI treated CML patients, purple, n = 10) and bottom (healthy control, blue, n = 6 and TKI treated CML patients, purple, n = 10) quartiles of S1 RBD Ab responses. D Longitudinal ancestral S1 RBD Ab titers at timepoints following first, second and third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. E Neutralisation IC50 of ancestral and B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) live virus at d186 after the second vaccine dose, lines show paired data for each participant. F Memory B cell (MBC) frequency against ancestral S1 and B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) S1 protein at d186 after the second vaccine dose, G Ab titers against B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) S1 RBD at d186 after the second vaccine dose and d21 after the third vaccine dose. Pre-vaccination sera were used to set the limit of detection for this assay (AUC = 1980), which is represented as a horizontal dashed line. H The relationship between serum S1 RBD Ab titer at d21 after the third vaccine dose and the time interval between the most recent vaccine dose and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in CML/TKI patients (circles, n = 23) and healthy control study participants (stars, n = 16) were plotted. Participants infected during the UK Delta (pink), Omicron BA.1 (green), Omicron BA.2 (orange), Omicron BA.1or BA.2 (black/orange) or Omicron BA.5 (blue) waves are plotted as filled shapes. The relationship between the frequency of MBC responding to ancestral (I) or B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) spike S1 (J) at d186 after the second vaccine dose and the time interval between the most recent vaccine dose and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in CML/TKI patients (circle, n = 10) and healthy controls (star, n = 4). Statistics were calculated using Prism 9.0. B, C Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. E–G Wilcoxon signed rank test. H–J Spearman’s rank correlation. ASC Ab secreting cells, AUC area under the curve, CML chronic myelogenous leukaemia, d day, HC healthy control, PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells, RBD receptor binding domain, S1 subunit 1, SFC spot forming cells, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
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