Potential conflicts of interest. C. D. A. has received grant support from Merck (investigator-Initiated Award, paid to her institution) and reports consulting fees for participating on advisory boards for Cidara Therapeutics, Merck, and Prime Meridian Group (on behalf of AiCuris); honoraria for presentations from American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists. C. P. K. has acted as a paid consultant to Artugen, Facile Therapeutics, Ferring, First Light Biosciences, Finch, Janssen (J&J), Milky Way Life Sciences, Pfizer, Seres, Summit, RVAC Medicines, and Vedanta (Pfizer and Milky Way to author and BIDMC; all others to author) and has received grant support from Milky Way Life Sciences; reports participation on a Data Safety Monitory Board or Advisory Board for Finch Therapeutics (to author); reports an unpaid role as Secretary for Society for the Study of Celiac Disease; and reports stock or stock options from First Light. K. W. G. has received grant support paid to the University of Houston from Acurx, Summit, Paratek Pharmaceuticals, and Seres Health and Pharmaceuticals; and consulting fees from Acurx and Summit Pharmaceuticals. A. B. reports grants or contracts unrelated to this work as an employee of bioMerieux. M. M. reports patents planned, issued or pending for Susceptibility to C. difficile infection and fecal immunoglobulins (Holder of patent: bioMerieux); and other financial or nonfinancial interests as employee of bioMerieux. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.