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. 2022 Dec 19;22(1):307.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02726-4.

Growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by laser irradiation: exploring further experimental aspects in an in vitro evaluation study

Ruina Zhang  1 , Junying Zhao  2 , Linfeng Li  3
Affiliations

Growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by laser irradiation: exploring further experimental aspects in an in vitro evaluation study

Ruina Zhang et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: According to the results of the clinical trials, laser therapy is effective for the treatment of onychomycosis, but the in vitro findings are inconsistent among studies. This study aimed to explore the experimental conditions of laser for the inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. A 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to irradiate colonies using a small (6-mm diameter) or large (13-mm diameter) area, and using 300, 408, or 600 J/cm2. The surface temperature of the colony was measured after irradiation and every 2 min. The growth area was calculated until the 7th or 10th day of incubation daily.

Results: For the small area group, at 300 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 25.2 ± 0.2°C, but without effect on growth (P = 0.516). At 408 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 32.0 ± 0.4°C; growth was inhibited for 7 days (P < 0.001). At 600 J/cm2, the immediate surface temperature was 38.1 ± 0.4°C; the growth was completely stopped for at least 10 days (P < 0.001). For the large area group, the temperature patterns were similar to those of the small area group, but the highest temperature was lower than in the small area groups, and no growth inhibition effect was observed (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions: When the irradiation area is small, a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser at 408 or 600 J/cm2 can be effective in suppressing T. rubrum growth in vitro.

Keywords: 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser; Trichophyton rubrum; irradiation area; irradiation energy; onychomycosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Laser scanning in the spiral pattern over the colony and repeated till 200 spots
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of a long-pulse 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser small-area irradiation (300, 408 and 600 J/cm2; 200 spots) on the surface temperature and growth of T. rubrum in vitro. A The surface temperature (°C) of the colony before laser irradiation immediately after laser irradiation, and then every two minutes. B Growth area (mm2) of the colonies was measured. *P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of a long-pulse 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser small-area irradiation (300, 408 and 600 J/cm2; 200 spots) on the growth of T. rubrum in vitro.At 300 J/cm2, colony area was not different from that control until the 9th day. At 408 J/cm2, T. rubrum was inhibited，growth started again on the 8th day and was gradually restored. At 600 J/cm2, the colony growth was completely stopped. T. rubrum colonies (left side: control; right side: laser). a-d: 300 J/cm2, colonies on the first, second, sixth, and ninth days, respectively; e-h: 408 J/cm2, colonies on the first, second, eighth, and tenth days, respectively; i-l: 600 J/cm2, colonies on the first, second, eighth, and tenth days, respectively
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of a long-pulse 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser large-area irradiation (300, 408 and 600 J/cm2; 200 spots) on the surface temperature and growth of T. rubrum in vitro. A The surface temperature (°C) of the colony before laser irradiation immediately after laser irradiation, and then every two minutes. B Growth area (mm2) of the colonies was measured. *P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effect of a long-pulse 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser large-area irradiation (300, 408 and 600 J/cm2; 200 spots) on the growth of T. rubrum in vitro. There was no significant inhibitory effect on the large-area colony when the energy density was 300, 408 and 600 J/cm2
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