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Review
. 2022 Dec 21;31(166):220119.
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0119-2022. Print 2022 Dec 31.

New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Matteo Bassetti  1   2 , Federica Magnè  3 , Daniele Roberto Giacobbe  3   2 , Lorenzo Bini  3 , Antonio Vena  3   2
Affiliations
Review

New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Matteo Bassetti et al. Eur Respir Rev. .

Abstract

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and Gram-negative bacilli constitute a significant proportion of its aetiology, especially when it is acquired in a hospital setting. With the alarming global rise in multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, antibiotic therapy for treating patients with pneumonia is challenging and must be guided by in vitro susceptibility results. In this review, we provide an overview of antibiotics newly approved for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam have potent activity against some of the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producers. Several novel antibiotics have potent activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relabactam and cefiderocol. Cefiderocol may also play an important role in the management of pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, along with plazomicin and eravacycline.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Outside the submitted work, M. Bassetti reports research grants and/or advisor/consultant and/or speaker/chairman fees from Bayer, BioMerieux, Cidara, Cipla, Gilead, Menarini, MSD, Pfizer and Shionogi. Outside the submitted work, D.R. Giacobbe reports investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer, Shionogi and Gilead Italia, and speaker and/or advisory board fees from Pfizer and Tillotts Pharma. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Activity of new agents against Gram-negative pathogens. Grey shading: variable activity; red shading: non-activity; green shading: activity. KPC: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases; OXA: OXA-β-lactamases; NDM: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • doi: 10.1183/16000617.0150-2022

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