Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Dec 21;31(166):220119.
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0119-2022. Print 2022 Dec 31.

New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Matteo Bassetti  1   2 , Federica Magnè  3 , Daniele Roberto Giacobbe  3   2 , Lorenzo Bini  3 , Antonio Vena  3   2
Affiliations
Review

New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Matteo Bassetti et al. Eur Respir Rev. .

Abstract

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and Gram-negative bacilli constitute a significant proportion of its aetiology, especially when it is acquired in a hospital setting. With the alarming global rise in multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, antibiotic therapy for treating patients with pneumonia is challenging and must be guided by in vitro susceptibility results. In this review, we provide an overview of antibiotics newly approved for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam have potent activity against some of the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producers. Several novel antibiotics have potent activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relabactam and cefiderocol. Cefiderocol may also play an important role in the management of pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, along with plazomicin and eravacycline.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Outside the submitted work, M. Bassetti reports research grants and/or advisor/consultant and/or speaker/chairman fees from Bayer, BioMerieux, Cidara, Cipla, Gilead, Menarini, MSD, Pfizer and Shionogi. Outside the submitted work, D.R. Giacobbe reports investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer, Shionogi and Gilead Italia, and speaker and/or advisory board fees from Pfizer and Tillotts Pharma. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Activity of new agents against Gram-negative pathogens. Grey shading: variable activity; red shading: non-activity; green shading: activity. KPC: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases; OXA: OXA-β-lactamases; NDM: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • doi: 10.1183/16000617.0150-2022

References

    1. Klompas M, Platt R. Ventilator-associated pneumonia–the wrong quality measure for benchmarking. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 803–805. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00013 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Torres A, Niederman MS, Chastre J, et al. . International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1700582. doi:10.1183/13993003.00582-2017 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rochefort CM, Buckeridge DL, Tanguay A, et al. . Accuracy and generalizability of using automated methods for identifying adverse events from electronic health record data: a validation study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17: 147. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2069-7 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Klompas M. Complications of mechanical ventilation–the CDC's new surveillance paradigm. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1472–1475. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1300633 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Maruyama T, Fujisawa T, Ishida T, et al. . A therapeutic strategy for all pneumonia patients: a 3-year prospective multicenter cohort study using risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens to select initial empiric therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68: 1080–1088. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy631 - DOI - PubMed