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Practice Guideline
. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-P270.
doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.10.030. Epub 2022 Dec 19.

Pediatric Eye Evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern

Amy K Hutchinson  1 , Christie L Morse  2 , Amra Hercinovic  3 , Oscar A Cruz  4 , Derek T Sprunger  5 , Michael X Repka  6 , Scott R Lambert  7 , David K Wallace  8 ; American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel
Affiliations
Practice Guideline

Pediatric Eye Evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern

Amy K Hutchinson et al. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIGURE A3-1.
FIGURE A3-1.
Red reflex examination. A. NORMAL: Child looks at light. Both red reflections are equal. B. UNEQUAL REFRACTION: One red reflection is brighter than the other. C. NO REFLEX (CATARACT): The presence of lens or other media opacities blocks the red reflection or diminishes it. D. FOREIGN BODY/ABRASION (LEFT CORNEA): The red reflection from the pupil will back-light corneal defects or foreign bodies. Movement of the examiner’s head in one direction will appear to move the corneal defects in the opposite direction. E. STRABISMUS: The color and/or brightness of the red reflext differs between the eyes, and the corneal light reflex is temporally displaced in the misaligned right eye, indicating esotropia. (Adapted with permission of Alfred G. Smith, MD, © 1991)
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References

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    1. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924–926. - PMC - PubMed
    1. GRADE working group. Organizations that have endorsed or that are using GRADE. www.gradeworkinggroup.org/. Accessed August 25, 2022.
    1. Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville (MD)2017. - PubMed
    1. Vivekanand U, Gonsalves S, Bhat SS. Is LEA symbol better compared to Snellen chart for visual acuity assessment in preschool children? Rom J Ophthalmol. 2019;63:35–37. - PMC - PubMed

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