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. 2022 Nov 24;8(12):767.
doi: 10.3390/gels8120767.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Water Hyacinth Cellulose-Composited Hydrogel Containing Quercetin for Topical Antibacterial Applications

Tanpong Chaiwarit  1 , Baramee Chanabodeechalermrung  1 , Nutthapong Kantrong  2   3 , Chuda Chittasupho  1   4 , Pensak Jantrawut  1   4
Affiliations

Fabrication and Evaluation of Water Hyacinth Cellulose-Composited Hydrogel Containing Quercetin for Topical Antibacterial Applications

Tanpong Chaiwarit et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed species that grows rapidly. In particular, it causes negative impacts on the aquatic environment and ecological system. However, water hyacinth is rich in cellulose, which is a biodegradable material. This study isolated cellulose from the water hyacinth petiole. It was then used to fabricate composite hydrogels made with water hyacinth cellulose (C), alginate (A), and pectin (P) at different mass ratios. The selected water hyacinth cellulose-based hydrogel was incorporated with quercetin, and its properties were evaluated. The FTIR and XRD of extracted water hyacinth cellulose indicated specific characteristics of cellulose. The hydrogel which consisted of the water hyacinth cellulose alginate characterized pectin: pectin had a mass ratio of 2.5:0.5:0.5 (C2.5A0.5P0.5), showed good puncture strength (2.16 ± 0.14 N/mm2), the highest swelling index (173.28 ± 4.94%), and gel content (39.35 ± 0.53%). The FTIR showed an interaction between water hyacinth cellulose and quercetin with hydrogen bonding. The C2.5A0.5P0.5 hydrogel containing quercetin possessed 92.07 ± 5.77% of quercetin-loaded efficiency. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa due to hydrogel properties, and no toxicity to human cells. This study indicated that water hyacinth cellulose-composited hydrogel is suitable for topical antibacterial applications.

Keywords: antibacterial; cellulose; hydrogel; quercetin; water hyacinth.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structure of quercetin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR spectra of water hyacinth cellulose and raw material.
Figure 3
Figure 3
X-ray diffraction of water hyacinth cellulose and raw material.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The appearance of WHC-composited hydrogels: C1A0.5P0.5 (a), C1.5A0.5P0.5 (b), C2A0.5P0.5 (c), C2.5A0.5P0.5 (d), and C3A0.5P0.5 (e).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The illustrative scheme of hydrogel formation.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM micrographs of the surface and cross section of WHC-based cryogels at 50 and 100 magnifications. (a) = surface of C1A0.5P0.5, (b) = surface of C1.5A0.5P0.5, (c) = surface of C2A0.5P0.5, (d) = surface of C2.5A0.5P0.5, (e) = surface of C3A0.5P0.5, (f) = cross-sectional image of C1A0.5P0.5, (g) = cross-sectional image of C1.5A0.5P0.5, (h) = cross-sectional image of C2A0.5P0.5, (i) = cross-sectional image of C2.5A0.5P0.5, and (j) = cross-sectional image of C3A0.5P0.5.
Figure 7
Figure 7
FTIR spectra of WHC-composited hydrogels.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The visual appearance (a) and SEM micrograph of the surface and cross-section of C2.5A0.5P0.5-Q at 50× and 100× magnifications (b,c).
Figure 9
Figure 9
HaCaT cell viability after exposure to cellulose, quercetin, C2.5A0.5P0.5, and C2.5A0.5P0.5-Q. The results are demonstrated as mean ± S.D.; superscripts with the same letter (a) in each bar indicate an insignificant difference between samples (p > 0.05).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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