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. 2023 Jan:135:105992.
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105992. Epub 2022 Dec 16.

The prevalences, changes, and related factors of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Ning Huang  1 , Fan Yang  1 , Xiaohan Liu  1 , Yashuang Bai  1 , Jing Guo  2 , Madelon M E Riem  3
Affiliations

The prevalences, changes, and related factors of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Ning Huang et al. Child Abuse Negl. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been extensive and drastic during the twenty-first century. The increasing phenomenon of child maltreatment during the pandemic is a significant public health concern.

Objective: This study is the first systematic review to analyze and summarize the prevalence rates, risk factors, and protective factors related to child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase) were systematically searched. Some potential studies were also identified from the reference lists of previously included articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Quality Assessment Tool.

Results: A total of 35 articles were included in the analysis, with 16 having prevalence information and 22 having factor information. Sixteen studies were conducted in the US, the other 17 studies were from 12 countries, and only two studies contained mixed countries. The prevalences of child maltreatment during the pandemic varied widely in different types and measurements. The pandemic rates of physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse were 0.1 %-71.2 %, and 4.9 %-61.8 %, 7.3 %-40 % and 1.4 %-19.5 %, respectively. There was a decline in allegations of child maltreatment and an increase in severe cases of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdown measures and their side effects were the main risk factors contributing to child maltreatment.

Conclusions: This review calls for targeted measures to prevent child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and current and future lockdowns and more future replication studies conducted in countries other than the US.

Keywords: COVID-19; Child abuse; Child maltreatment; Factors; Pandemic; Prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Conceptual framework of factors associated with child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Note: “−” symbols in parentheses indicate a negative association between factors and child maltreatment, and “+” symbols in parentheses indicate a positive association between factors and child maltreatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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