Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Dec 22;12(1):22166.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26804-9.

Laboratory and semi-field efficacy evaluation of permethrin-piperonyl butoxide treated blankets against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors

Salum Azizi  1   2 , Johnson Matowo  3   4 , Njelembo Joshua Mbewe  4   5 , Natacha Protopopoff  4   5 , Rashid Athumani  3   4 , Wambura Matiku  3   4 , Magreth Shayo  3   4 , Filemoni Tenu  3   4 , Mark Rowland  4   5 , Franklin Mosha  3   4 , Jovin Kitau  3   6
Affiliations

Laboratory and semi-field efficacy evaluation of permethrin-piperonyl butoxide treated blankets against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors

Salum Azizi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

To control pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) that include additional ingredients to pyrethroid are being developed. Same progress needs to be made to the pyrethroid-treated blankets, which are more compatible with shelter structures found in emergency settings such as displaced populations. In the current study, efficacy of blankets treated with permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was evaluated against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Efficacy was compared with that of Olyset LLIN, Olyset Plus LLIN and untreated blanket in terms of mortality and blood-feeding inhibition against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. The current study indicates that, in emergency shelters such as migrant and refugee camps where LLINs cannot be used, PBO-permethrin blankets may provide protection against resistant mosquitoes if widely used. No side effects related to the use of the treated blankets were reported from the participants. These results need validation in a large-scale field trial to assess the epidemiological impact of the intervention, durability and acceptability of this new vector control strategy for malaria vector control.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Regeneration time for PBO–permethrin blankets against An. gambiae Kisumu. Each bar in the graph represents a mean of ten replicates of 4 blanket pieces cut from 4 individual whole blankets.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Efficacy of PBO–permethrin blanket in terms of (a) KD and (b) mortality against susceptible Kisumu and resistant Muleba-Kis strains.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mortality rates for susceptible strain for 3 min exposure versus 30 min exposure from different blanket treatments. Error bars are equivalent to 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Penetration, blood-feeding, mortality and protective efficacy for different blanket treatments in tunnel tests against An. gambiae Kisumu. Error bars are equivalent to 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mortality rates of resistant Anopheles gambiae Muleba-Kis after exposure to different blanket treatments in tunnel tests. Error bars are equivalent to 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mortality and blood feeding rates for different treatment arms. Error bars are equivalent to 95% confidence intervals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. World Health Organization. Malaria Control in Complex Emergencies. WHO/HTM/MAL/2005.1107 (2005).
    1. Rowland M, Nosten F. Malaria epidemiology and control in refugee camps and complex emergencies. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 2001;95:741–754. doi: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813694. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nafao-Traore F, Nabarro C. The global malaria crisis. Humanit. Exch. 2005;31:4–6.
    1. The Sphere Project, Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response, The Sphere Project (2011). - PubMed
    1. Burns M, et al. Insecticide-treated plastic sheeting for emergency malaria prevention and shelter among displaced populations: An observational cohort study in a refugee setting in Sierra Leone. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2012;87(2):242–250. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0744.PMID:22855753;PMCID:PMC3414558. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types