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. 2022 Dec 2;9(12):754.
doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9120754.

Controlled Release of Encapsuled Stromal-Derived Factor 1α Improves Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Migration

Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek  1 , Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa  1 , Katarzyna Jelonek  2 , Monika Musiał-Kulik  2 , Piotr Paweł Buszman  3   4 , Dorota Żyła-Uklejewicz  3 , Adrianna Walentyna Sekowska  1   5 , Janusz Kasperczyk  2 , Paweł Eugeniusz Buszman  3   6
Affiliations

Controlled Release of Encapsuled Stromal-Derived Factor 1α Improves Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Migration

Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek et al. Bioengineering (Basel). .

Abstract

Stem cell treatment is a promising method of therapy for the group of patients whose conventional options for treatment have been limited or rejected. Stem cells have the potential to repair, replace, restore and regenerate cells. Moreover, their proliferation level is high. Owing to these features, they can be used in the treatment of numerous diseases, such as cancer, lung diseases or ischemic heart diseases. In recent years, stem cell therapy has greatly developed, shedding light on stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). SDF-1α is a mobilizing chemokine for application of endogenous stem cells to injury sites. Unfortunately, SDF-1α presented short-term results in stem cell treatment trials. Considering the tremendous benefits of this therapy, we developed biodegradable polymeric microspheres for the release of SDF-1α in a controlled and long-lasting manner. The microspheres were designed from poly(L-lactide/glycolide/trimethylene carbonate) (PLA/GA/TMC). The effect of controlled release of SDF-1α from microspheres was investigated on the migration level of bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (bmMSCs) derived from a pig. The study showed that SDF-1α, released from the microspheres, is more efficient at attracting bmMSCs than SDF-1α alone. This may enable the controlled delivery of selected and labeled MSCs to the destination in the future.

Keywords: SDF-1α; biodegradable polymeric microspheres; bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs); cell migration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adhesion and proliferation of bmMSC cells. (A) Bright-field images for bmMSCs after 2.5, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. Scale bar: 200 μm. (B) Cells number after 2.5, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h of culture were determined by automated counting. The bars represent the means ± SD (n = 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow cytometric analysis of MSC makers. Bone marrow MSCs were found to be positive for the MSC markers: CD73, CD90 and CD105 and negative for the endothelial marker: CD34.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Differentiation of bmMSCs to osteocytes (Alizarin Red S), chondrocytes (Alcian Blue), and adipocytes (Oil Red O). Scale bars = 200 µm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The cytotoxicity assay of the SDF-1α. The assay was performed with bmMSC cells. The results are presented as a% of cells surviving in the presence of the SDF-1α in the range of concentrations (50–250 ng/mL). The bars represent the means ± SD (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of SDF-1α on bmMSCs migration in vitro. Quantification of migration of bmMSCs induced by different concentration of SDF-1α (10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ng/mL) for 24 h was detected with Transwell migration assay. Values are means ± SD (n = 10). p-values of statistical significance are represented as follows: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM image of SDF-1α-loaded MS.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cumulative in vitro release profile of SDF-1α from PLA/GA/TMC MS.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Transwell migration assay. Quantification of migration of bmMSCs after 24 h of treatment with SDF-1α and SDF-1α released from microspheres. Values are means ±SD (n = 10), assessed one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. p-values of statistical significance are represented as follows: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
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