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. 2022 Nov 28;12(12):1089.
doi: 10.3390/bios12121089.

Information-Based Similarity of Ordinal Pattern Sequences as a Novel Descriptor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Based on Wearable Photoplethysmography Bracelets

Mingjing Chen  1   2 , Shan Wu  1 , Tian Chen  1 , Changhong Wang  1 , Guanzheng Liu  1
Affiliations

Information-Based Similarity of Ordinal Pattern Sequences as a Novel Descriptor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Based on Wearable Photoplethysmography Bracelets

Mingjing Chen et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, resulting in abnormal heart rate variability (HRV). Capable of acquiring heart rate (HR) information with more convenience, wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) bracelets are proven to be a potential surrogate for electrocardiogram (ECG)-based devices. Meanwhile, bracelet-type PPG has been heavily marketed and widely accepted. This study aims to investigate the algorithm that can identify OSA with wearable devices. The information-based similarity of ordinal pattern sequences (OP_IBS), which is a modified version of the information-based similarity (IBS), has been proposed as a novel index to detect OSA based on wearable PPG signals. A total of 92 PPG recordings (29 normal subjects, 39 mild-moderate OSA subjects and 24 severe OSA subjects) were included in this study. OP_IBS along with classical indices were calculated. For severe OSA detection, the accuracy of OP_IBS was 85.9%, much higher than that of the low-frequency power to high-frequency power ratio (70.7%). The combination of OP_IBS, IBS, CV and LF/HF can achieve 91.3% accuracy, 91.0% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity. The performance of OP_IBS is significantly improved compared with our previous study based on the same database with the IBS method. In the Physionet database, OP_IBS also performed exceptionally well with an accuracy of 91.7%. This research shows that the OP_IBS method can access the HR dynamics of OSA subjects and help diagnose OSA in clinical environments.

Keywords: information-based similarity of ordinal pattern sequences (OP_IBS); obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); photoplethysmography (PPG); wearable bracelets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overnight wearable PPG signal.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The framework of proposed PRV analysis method.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The experimental system diagram.
Figure 4
Figure 4
One minute PPG signal and its corresponding PP intervals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Adjacent PPI segments of (a) normal subject, (b) mild–moderate and (c) severe OSA subject.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Scheme of information-based similarity of ordinal pattern sequences (OP_IBS) analysis.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic diagram for constructing an ordinal pattern sequence. (a) all possible ordinal patterns, (b) PP interval series, (c) corresponding ordinal patterns.
Figure 8
Figure 8
OP_IBS values for three recordings from (a) the normal group, (b) the mild–moderate OSA group and (c) the severe group.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Correlation coefficient of OP_IBS with different s and m values. |R|: absolute value of correlation coefficient.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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