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Review
. 2022 Dec 7;12(12):1145.
doi: 10.3390/bios12121145.

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lactate Dehydrogenase Detection and Medical Implications: A Review

Yangzhe Zhou  1 , Min Qi  1 , Minghui Yang  2
Affiliations
Review

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lactate Dehydrogenase Detection and Medical Implications: A Review

Yangzhe Zhou et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The demand for glucose uptake and the accompanying enhanced glycolytic energy metabolism is one of the most important features of cancer cells. Unlike the aerobic metabolic pathway in normal cells, the large amount of pyruvate produced by the dramatic increase of glycolysis in cancer cells needs to be converted to lactate in the cytoplasm, which cannot be done without a large amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This explains why elevated serum LDH concentrations are usually seen in cancer patient populations. LDH not only correlates with clinical prognostic survival indicators, but also guides subsequent drug therapy. Besides their role in cancers, LDH is also a biomarker for malaria and other diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop methods for sensitive and convenient LDH detection. Here, this review systematically summarizes the clinical impact of lactate dehydrogenase detection and principles for LDH detection. The advantages as well as limitations of different detection methods and the future trends for LDH detection were also discussed.

Keywords: fluorescence; lactate dehydrogenase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; quantum dots; tumor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial inter-ests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Difference of glucose metabolism between normal and tumor cells in vivo.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Lactate dehydrogenase applications in medical sectors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Preparation of paper-based LDH sensors. (B) Assay for serum LDH [98]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Response scheme for thick film LDH biosensors [106]. Copyright 2002 Elsevier.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic diagram of the process of LDH detection by immunosensor [115]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the principle of LDH determination, with the lower left panel showing the fluorescence image of the QDs in the absence (a) or presence (b) of NAD, and in the presence of LDH, NAD and LL (c) [86]. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) The synthesis principle of SiQDs. (B) NADH quenches fluorescence of SiQDs. (C) Principle of LDH activity detection [12]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic diagram of LDH detection by SQDs. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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