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Review
. 2022 Dec 15;10(12):3262.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10123262.

Oncolytic Adenovirus, a New Treatment Strategy for Prostate Cancer

Kaiyi Yang  1 , Shenghui Feng  2 , Zhijun Luo  2
Affiliations
Review

Oncolytic Adenovirus, a New Treatment Strategy for Prostate Cancer

Kaiyi Yang et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in males. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective strategy to inhibit tumour growth at early stages. However, 10~50% of cases are estimated to progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) which currently lacks effective treatments. Clinically, salvage treatment measures, such as endocrine therapy and chemotherapy, are mostly used for advanced prostate cancer, but their clinical outcomes are not ideal. When the existing clinical therapeutic methods can no longer inhibit the development of advanced prostate cancer, human adenovirus (HAdV)-based gene therapy and viral therapy present promising effects. Pre-clinical studies have shown its powerful oncolytic effect, and clinical studies are ongoing to further verify its effect and safety in prostate cancer treatment. Targeting the prostate by HAdV alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy sheds light on patients with castration-resistant and advanced prostate cancer. This review summarizes the advantages of oncolytic virus-mediated cancer therapy, strategies of HAdV modification, and existing preclinical and clinical investigations of HAdV-mediated gene therapy to further evaluate the potential of oncolytic adenovirus in prostate cancer treatment.

Keywords: gene therapy; human adenovirus; immunotherapy; oncolytic virus; prostate cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HAdV structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The genes and functions of HAdV.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The process of HAdV infecting cells.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The immune response of HAdV after it enters the body. The body first produces an innate immune response, involving dendritic cells (DC cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), interferon (INF), and so on. Over time, cellular and humoral immunity comes into play. CTL—Cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Proteins of HAdV can inhibit Rb pathway and p53 pathway.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Types of oncolytic viruses and their mode of action.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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